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*** Cuisine of Saint Helena
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*** and Helena
Cuisine and Saint
Saint and Helena
On 15 December 1840, brought back to France from Saint Helena, Napoleon's remains passed under it on their way to the Emperor's final resting place at the Invalides.
The crusaders investigated the eastern ruins on the site, occasionally excavating through the rubble, and while attempting to reach the cistern, they discovered part of the original ground level of Hadrian's temple enclosure ; they decided to transform this space into a chapel dedicated to Helena ( the Chapel of Saint Helena ), widening their original excavation tunnel into a proper staircase.
To the east of the Chapel of Saint Helena, the excavators discovered a void containing a 2nd century drawing of a Roman ship, two low walls which supported the platform of Hadrian's 2nd century temple, and a higher 4th century wall built to support Constantine's basilica.
After the excavations of the early 1970s, the Armenian authorities converted this archaeological space into the Chapel of Saint Vartan, and created an artificial walkway over the quarry on the north of the chapel, so that the new Chapel could be accessed ( by permission ) from the Chapel of Saint Helena.
* The Chapel of Saint Helena-between the first two chapels are stairs descending to Chapel of Saint Helena.
* Chapel of Saint Vartan-on the north side of the Chapel of Saint Helena is an ornate wrought iron door, beyond which a raised artificial platform affords views of the Quarry, and which leads to the Chapel of Saint Vartan.
* Chapel of the Invention of the Holy Cross-another set of 22 stairs from the Chapel of Saint Helena leads down to the Roman Catholic Chapel of the Invention of the Holy Cross believed to be the place where the True Cross was found.
The success of his discovery soon spread around Europe and for example was used en masse in the Spanish Balmis Expedition, a three year long mission to the Americas, Philippines, Macao, China, and Saint Helena Island led by Dr. Francisco Javier de Balmis with the aim of giving thousands the smallpox vaccine.
Napoleon transformed the Italian principality of Elba, where he was imprisoned, into a miniature version of his First Empire, with most trappings of a sovereign monarchy, until his Cent Jours escape and reseizure of power in France convinced his opponents, reconvening the Vienna Congress in 1815, to revoke his gratuitous privileges and send him to die in exile on barren Saint Helena.
* 1821 – Emperor Napoleon I dies in exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Surviving descriptions of Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land date from the 4th century, when pilgrimage was encouraged by church fathers like Saint Jerome and established by Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great.
Saint Helena has a known history of over 500 years since its recorded discovery by the Portuguese in 1502.
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