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Page "Testicular cancer" ¶ 6
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*** and Intratubular
*** Intratubular sertoli cell neoplasia in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

*** and cell
*** circulatory system — respiration — lung — heart — artery — vein — capillary — blood — blood cell
*** Other subcellular features: cell wall — pseudopod — cytoskeleton — mitotic spindle — flagellum — cilium
*** programmed cell death — apoptosis — cell senescence
*** Zygote, the single cell stage which occurs after fertilization
*** Large cell calcifying variant
*** Synthesis ( cell cycle )
*** Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston " for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death "
*** Lucas cell
*** Vascular: embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, abdominal angina, blood vessel compression ( such as celiac artery compression syndrome ), Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
*** Islet cell adenoma or adenomatosis
*** Islet cell carcinoma
*** 21 prisoners are killed in a cell fire at the Queenstown Prison
*** a cell in the S < sub > 00 </ sub > state, given no input, will transition into the S < sub > 000 </ sub > state ( 1000 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 00 </ sub > state, given an input, will transition into the west-directed ordinary transmission state ( 1001 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 01 </ sub > state, given no input, will transition into the south-directed ordinary transmission state ( 1010 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 01 </ sub > state, given an input, will transition into the east-directed special transmission state ( 1011 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 10 </ sub > state, given no input, will transition into the north-directed special transmission state ( 1100 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 10 </ sub > state, given an input, will transition into the west-directed special transmission state ( 1101 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 11 </ sub > state, given no input, will transition into the south-directed special transmission state ( 1110 )
*** a cell in the S < sub > 11 </ sub > state, given an input, will transition into the quiescent confluent state C < sub > 00 </ sub > ( 1111 )

germ and cell
Common examples of in vitro experiments include ( a ) cells derived from multicellular organisms ( cell culture or tissue culture ), ( b ) subcellular components ( e. g. mitochondria or ribosomes ), ( c ) Cellular or subcellular extracts ( e. g. wheat germ or reticulocyte extracts ), or ( d ) purified molecules in the test tube ( often proteins, DNA, or RNA, either individually or in combination ).
* 1998: John Gearhart ( Johns Hopkins University ) extracted germ cells from fetal gonadal tissue ( primordial germ cells ) before developing pluripotent stem cell lines from the original extract.
Altruism is known to increase from rarity when relatedness ( R ) exceeds the ratio of the cost ( C ) to the altruist ( in this case, the cell giving up its own reproduction by differentiating ), to the benefit ( B ) to the recipient of altruism ( the germ line of the colony, that reproduces as a result of the differentiation ), i. e. R > C / B ( see Hamilton's rule ).
* vasa gene, a gene that is essential for germ cell development and was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster
During organogenesis, molecular and cellular interactions between germ layers, combined with the cells ' developmental potential, or competence to respond, prompt the further differentiation of organ-specific cell types.
Some key developments in biology were the discovery of genetics ; Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection ; the germ theory of disease and the application of the techniques of chemistry and physics at the level of the cell or organic molecule.
In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo.
Such de novo mutations are the result of a germ cell mutation or germ cell mosaicism in the gonads of one of the parents, or a mutation in the fertilized egg itself.
It is thought that the whole process is mediated by a mechano-sensitive calcium ion channel, located within the germ tube tip, which produces electric currents that stretch the cell membranes, changing gene expression and forming the appresorium.
* Sertoli cells-the true epithelium of the seminiferous epithelium, critical for the support of germ cell development into spermatozoa.
Ultimately, the ideas of spontaneous generation were displaced by advances in germ theory and cell theory.
The size of the cell at the end of all cell divisions determines whether it becomes a specialized germ or somatic cell.
It is post implantation that ES cells from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst can contribute to all cell lineages of a mouse including the germ line.
After formation of the three germ layers, cells will continue to specialize until they reach a terminally differentiated state that is much more resistant to changes in cell type than its progenitors.
These pangenes were microscopic particles that supposedly contained information about the characteristics of their parent cell, and Darwin believed that they eventually accumulated in the germ cells where they could pass on to the next generation the newly acquired characteristics of the parents.
The concept of dual cell structure, which Henri Poincaré used in his proof of his Poincaré duality theorem, contained the germ of the idea of cohomology, but this was not seen until later.
* Biology: cell theory, theory of evolution, germ theory
A somatic cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism ; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.

germ and neoplasia
The adjacent testicular tissue commonly shows intratubular germ cell neoplasia, and may also show variable spermatocytic maturation arrest.
Spermatocytic seminomas are not considered a subtype of seminoma and unlike other germ cell tumours do not arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia.

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