** Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca ( David, 1869 )

** Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis Wan Q. H., Wu H. et Fang S. G., 2005

** New Curonian ( nearly extinct ; often considered a separate language, but mutually intelligible to Latvian )

** Himalayan Quail, Ophrysia superciliosa ( critically endangered / extinct )

** Subfamily † Mekosuchinae ( extinct )

** The extinct Greenlandic Norse language

** Silver trout, † Salvelinus agassizi ( extinct )

** Lonesome George, the last known individual of the Pinta Island Tortoise subspecies, dies at a Galapagos National Park, thus making the subspecies extinct.

** Family † Prolagidae ( Sardinian Pika and other related extinct pika-like lagomorphs )

** Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces ( extinct )

** Guam Bridled White-eye, Zosterops ( conspicillatus ) conspicillatus ( extinct: 1983 )

** Imagotaria downsi ( extinct )

** Glaucous Macaw, Anodorhynchus glaucus ( critically endangered or extinct )

** Little Blue Macaw or Spix's Macaw, Cyanopsitta spixii ( extinct in the wild )

** Heath Hen, Tympanuchus cupido cupido ( extinct, 1932 )

** Cave-nesting Masked Owl, T. novaehollandiae troughtoni-disputed ; probably extinct ( 1960s )

** Buru Masked Owl, T. ( sororcula ) cayelii-possibly extinct ( mid-20th century?

** Ivory-billed Woodpecker, Campephilus principalis ( possibly extinct )

** Imperial Woodpecker, Campephilus imperialis ( possibly extinct )

** Callaeidae: kokako, saddleback and the extinct huia

** Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews

** Alaotra Grebe, Tachybaptus rufolavatus — extinct ( 2010 )

** Atitlán Grebe, Podilymbus gigas — extinct ( 1989 )

** Colombian Grebe, Podiceps andinus — extinct ( 1977 )

** Jeanne Joséphine Marguerite Junot d ' Abrantès ( Paris, 22 May 1847 – Lasray, 21 March 1934 ), married in Paris, 16 September 1869 Xavier Eugène Maurice Le Ray ( Sèvres, 15 July 1846 – Paris, 1 December 1900 ), who was created 4th Duc d ' Abrantès in 1869, and had issue extinct in male line in 1982

** Lion, Panthera leo ( Africa, Gir Forest in India ; extinct in former range of southeast Europe, Middle East, much of Asia, and North America )

** Eunectes murinus, the green anaconda, the largest species, is found east of the Andes in Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and on the island of Trinidad.

** Eunectes notaeus, the yellow anaconda, a smaller species, is found in eastern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.

** Eunectes deschauenseei, the dark-spotted anaconda, is a rare species found in northeastern Brazil and coastal French Guiana.

** Eunectes beniensis, the Bolivian anaconda, the most recently defined species, is found in the Departments of Beni and Pando in Bolivia.

** P. polyanthus ( aka P. Dumosus, recognized as a separate species in 1995 )

** Community ecology: community — keystone species — mimicry — symbiosis — pollination — mutualism — commensalism — parasitism — predation — invasive species — environmental heterogeneity — edge effect

** Microevolution: species — speciation — adaptation — selection — natural selection — directional selection — sexual selection — genetic drift — sexual reproduction — asexual reproduction — colony — allele frequency — neutral theory of molecular evolution — population genetics — Hardy-Weinberg principle

** Leycesteria: 6 species

** Lonicera ( Honeysuckle ): 180 species

** Symphoricarpos ( Snowberry ): 17 species

** Triosteum ( Horsegentian ): 6 species

** Frog Xenopus ( includes two species: Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis )

** Pocket gophers ( family Geomyidae ), about 40 species distributed from North America to Colombia

** Hemlock ( Conium ), two species, one formerly used as a method of execution

** Larentia clavaria – mallow, species of moth

** Order Didelphimorphia ( 93 species )

** Order Paucituberculata ( 6 species )

** Order Microbiotheria ( 1 species )

** Order Dasyuromorphia ( 71 species )

** Order Peramelemorphia ( 24 species )

** Order Notoryctemorphia ( 2 species )

** Order Diprotodontia ( 137 species )

** Reducing agent, element or compound in a redox reaction that donates an electron to another species