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Page "Control of respiration" ¶ 36
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** and upper
** Zorn's lemma: Every non-empty partially ordered set in which every chain ( i. e. totally ordered subset ) has an upper bound contains at least one maximal element.
** Various U. S. sounding rockets named after the upper stage used, including:
** The upper front surface of the tongue just behind the tip, called the blade of the tongue ()
** Pioneer Venus Probe Bus – transport vehicle and upper atmosphere probe
** An outbreak of tornadoes strikes the upper Midwest section of the United States ( in particular the Chicago area, including the suburbs of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois, where 33 people are killed and 500 injured ).
** Chokonen ( lived west of Safford, Arizona, along the upper reaches of the Gila River, along the San Francisco River in the north to the Mogollon Mountains in New Mexico in the east and the San Simon Valley to the southwest, northeastern local group )
** the shoulder socket containing the upper part of the humerus
** Canon EOS Rebel T3i, an upper entry-level DSLR also known as the EOS 600D
Proto-Celtic is reconstructed as having * werbā-' blister ' in its lexicon and the name may be a suffixed form of this lexeme meaning “ blistered one .” On the other hand, the root of the name may represent a Celtic reflex of the Proto-Indo-European root * wer-bhe-‘ bend, turn ,’ cognate with Modern English warp, followed by the durative suffix *- j-and the feminine suffix *- ā-and so might have meant “ she who is constantly bending and turning .” Another possibility is that the name is a compound of Romano-British reflexes of the Proto-Celtic elements ** Uφer-bej-ā-( upper-strike-F ) “ the upper striker .”
** 421. 11 End-blown flutes – The player blows against the sharp rim at the upper open end of a tube.
** serum creatinine ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal for age or 2-fold increase in baseline creatinine in patients with chronic kidney disease
** alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal
** Granisetron ( Kytril, Sancuso )-can be administered in tablet ( Kytril ), oral solution ( Kytril ), injection ( Kytril ), or in a single transdermal patch to the upper arm ( SANCUSO ).
** upper third, or superior part: striated muscle
** Ava Kingdom, in upper Burma from 1364 to 1555
** upper bar:
** " superior " or " upper " ( C5-C6 )
** anterior divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks
** posterior divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks
** The lateral cord is the anterior divisions from the upper and middle trunks ( C5-C7 )
** no opening at the upper front side
** vertical opening on the upper front side with buttons or zipper
** Delaware Legislative Council: the upper house under the Delaware Constitution of 1776 ( since 1792, the Delaware State Senate )
** New Jersey Legislative Council: the upper house under the 1776 New Jersey Constitution ( since 1845, the New Jersey Senate ) and New Jersey Supreme Court
** South Carolina Legislative Council: the upper house under the 1776 South Carolina Constitution ( since 1778, the South Carolina Senate )

** and airway
** The Hering-Breuer reflex that terminates inspiration to prevent over inflation of the lungs, and the reflex responses of coughing, airway constriction, and hyperventilation.

** and receptors
** ghrelin through binding to growth hormone secretagogue receptors ( GHSR )
** Muscarine ( muscarinic receptors )
** Nicotine ( nicotinic receptors )
** Pilocarpine ( M < sub > 3 </ sub > receptors )
** Suxamethonium ( muscle type receptors )
** Cardiopulmonary receptors sense a decreased blood volume, and signal to area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius as well.
** a synapse that releases glutamate more slowly than normal, thus activating only high affinity NMDA receptors, but not low affinity AMPA receptors
** a synapse that lacks postsynaptic AMPA receptors
** G protein-coupled receptors – Composed of seven transmembrane alpha helices.
** receptor tyrosine kinase – Functional receptors are homodimers.
** nuclear receptors – Composed of a C-terminal DNA-binding domain ( DBD ) and a N-terminal ligand-binding domain ( LDB ).
** Synephrine ( found in Bitter orange )— agonist at α < sub > 1 </ sub > adrenergic receptors
** Ropinirole — agonist at D2, D3, and D4 receptors
** Pramipexole — agonist at D2, D3 and D4 receptors
** Tianeptine — paradoxical antidepressant ( considered to be a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer ( SSRE ) ( note that no widely known proof of direct SSRE action exists )), improves mood and reduces anxiety ; action on the NMDA and AMPA receptor, a hypothesized mechanism of action, based on tianeptine's effect of promoting stress-associated impaired neuroplasticity ; it enhances the extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and modulates the D < sub > 2 </ sub > and D < sub > 3 </ sub > dopamine receptors, but this effect is modest and almost certainly indirect.
** Hormone receptors
** Neuromodulator receptors
** Neurotransmitter receptors
** Acetylcholine ( all acetylcholine receptors )
** Bethanechol ( M3 receptors )
** Carbachol ( all muscarinic receptors and some nicotinic receptors )
** Methacholine ( all muscarinic receptors )

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