** This is a distinguished work which stands out from, and above, many of the books and articles which have ben written in this century on Avicenna ( Ibn Sīnā ) ( A. D. 980 – 1037 ).

** 1358-1358: Abou Ziyane el-Saïd Mohammed ben Fares

** 1358 – 1359: Abou Yahya Abou Baker ben Fares

** 1384 – 1386: Moussa ben Fares ()

** Shlomyah ben Pinhas, Samaritan High Priest ; last of the Phineas bloodline

** Isaac ben Sheshet, Spanish Talmudic authority ( d. 1408 )

** Hayyim ben Joseph Vital, rabbi and mystic ( d. 1620 )

** Rabbi Moses ben Jacob Cordovero-Jewish kabbalist from Safed, Israel

** Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi, author ( d. 1625 )

** Chihab Addine Abul-Abbas Ahmad ben Fadhl Al-Umari, Arab historian ( d. 1384 )

** Mordecai ben Hillel, German rabbi ( b. c. 1250 )

** Asher ben Jehiel, jewishencyclopedia. com

** Rabbi Asher ben Yechiel-The “ Rosh ”, ou. org

** Sidi Abdelah ben Hassoun

** Sidi el Arbi ben sayyeh

** Sidi Muhammad ben Issa al-Barnusi al-Fasi Zarruq

** Sidi Abd-Allah ben Mançour

** Isaac ben Joseph Minir

** Joseph ben Isaac Minir

** Geiger, Mosheh ben Maimon, p. 70 ;

** Aharon ben Mosheh ben Asher – refiner of the Tiberian writing system, regarded as having produced the most accurate version of the Masoretic Text

** ‘ Anan ben David – founder of the Ananites, a group that became a part of the Karaite movement

** Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno ( Sforno ), 16th century Italian scholar and rationalist

Yohanan ben Zakkai, a leading Pharisee, was appointed the first Patriarch ( the Hebrew word, Nasi, also means prince, or president ), and he reestablished the Sanhedrin at Yavneh ( see the related Council of Jamnia ) under Pharisee control.

# First Generation: Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai's generation ( c. 40 BCE-80 CE ).

Before Vespasian's departure, the Pharisaic sage and Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai obtained his permission to establish a Judaic school at Yavne.

* Yohanan ben Zakkai ( 1st century AD )

: Once, Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai was walking with his disciple, Rabbi Y ' hoshua, near Jerusalem after the destruction of the Temple.

A former leading Pharisee, Yohanan ben Zakkai, was appointed the first Patriarch ( the Hebrew word, Nasi, also means prince, or president ), and he reestablished the Sanhedrin at Javneh under Pharisee control.

Following the destruction of the Temple, Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai ordered that the Four Species be waved everywhere on every day of Sukkot ( except on Shabbat ), as a memorial to the Temple.

The Talmud says that Yohanan ben Zakkai, a great Pharisee of the first century, was assigned to a post in Galilee during his training.

A classical rabbinic work, Avoth de-Rabbi Natan, states: " One time, when Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai was walking in Jerusalem with Rabbi Yehosua, they arrived at where the Temple in Jerusalem now stood in ruins.

" Then Rabbi Yohannan ben Zakkai spoke to him these words of comfort: " Be not grieved, my son.

He learned with him until he died, at which point he moved to Yavneh to study at the feet of ben Zakkai, as well as Gamliel II HaNasi ( the Prince ), and Yehoshua ben Chananya.

Johanan ben Zakkai established that the shofar trumpets be blown at Jamnia and the surrounding places even if the festival fell on the Sabbath, while at one time this was done only in the Temple ( iv. 1 ); he also fixed the lulav outside of the Temple for seven days, and forbade the eating of new grain on the second day of Passover ( iv. 2 ); he extended the time for examining witnesses until the evening, and had them come to Jamnia even in the absence of the av bet din ( iv. 3 ).

Ordinances of Johanan ben Zakkai concerning Rosh ha-Shanah and the Sabbath, and other matters

The Tosefta omits the ordinances of Gamliel and of Johanan ben Zakkai, and the dispute of the two leaders of the school-house, nor does it mention anything of the power of any tannaitic dignitary ; the Tosefta is here a product of the time of the Amoraim.

The list of the exilarchs down to the end of the 9th century is given as follows in an old document " Mediæval Jewish Chronicles ," i. 196: " Bostanai, Hanina ben Adoi, Hasdai I, Solomon, Isaac Iskawi I, Judah Zakkai ( Babawai ), Moses, Isaac Iskawi II, David ben Judah, Hasdai II.

Judah Zakkai, who is called " Zakkai ben Ahunai " by Sherira, had as rival candidate Natronai ben Habibai, who, however, was defeated and sent West in banishment ; this Natronai was a great scholar, and, according to tradition, while in Spain wrote the Talmud from memory.

After a short interregnum ' Ukba's nephew, David ben Zakkai, became exilarch ; but he had to contend for nearly two years with Kohen Zedek before he was finally confirmed in his power ( 921 ).

David ben Zakkai was the last exilarch to play an important part in history.

When Gaon Hai died in 1038, nearly a century after Saadia's death, the members of his academy could not find a more worthy successor than the exilarch Hezekiah, a descendant, perhaps a great-grandson, of David ben Zakkai, who thereafter filled both offices.

Several families, as late as the 14th century, traced their descent back to Josiah, the brother of David ben Zakkai who had been banished to Chorasan ( see the genealogies in 1890 pp. 180 et seq .).

This event directly led to the escape of Yochanan ben Zakkai out of Jerusalem, who met Vespasian, a meeting which led to the foundation of the Academy of Yavneh which produced the Mishnah which led to the survival of rabbinical Judaism.

* " He ben Zakkai said: ' Go and see what is the right way that a man should seek for himself.

: Once, Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai was walking with his disciple, Rabbi Yehoshua, near Jerusalem after the destruction of the Temple.

" Then Rabbi Yohannan ben Zakkai spoke to him these words of comfort: " Be not grieved, my son.