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β-Lactams and fused
* β-Lactams fused to saturated five-membered rings:
** β-Lactams fused to oxazolidine rings are named oxapenams or clavams.
* β-Lactams fused to unsaturated five-membered rings:
* β-Lactams fused to unsaturated six-membered rings:
* β-Lactams not fused to any other ring are named monobactams.
* β-Lactams fused to thiazolidine rings are named penams.
* β-Lactams fused to 2, 3-dihydrothiazole rings are named penems.
* β-Lactams fused to 3, 6-dihydro-2H-1, 3-thiazine rings are named cephems.
* β-Lactams not fused to any other ring are named monobactams.

β-Lactams and 2
** β-Lactams containing 2, 3-dihydrothiazole rings are named penems.
** β-Lactams containing 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole rings are named carbapenems.
** β-Lactams containing 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyridine rings are named carbacephems.

β-Lactams and rings
** β-Lactams containing thiazolidine rings are named penams.
** β-Lactams containing pyrrolidine rings are named carbapenams.
** β-Lactams containing 3, 6-dihydro-2H-1, 3-thiazine rings are named cephems.
** β-Lactams containing 3, 6-dihydro-2H-1, 3-oxazine rings are named oxacephems.

β-Lactams and are
β-Lactams are classified according to their core ring structures.
β-Lactams cannot bind as effectively to these altered PBPs, and, as a result, the β-lactams are less effective at disrupting cell wall synthesis.
β-Lactams are classified according to their core ring structures.

fused and 2
For example, water can also form amorphous ice, while SiO < sub > 2 </ sub > can form both fused silica ( an amorphous glass ) and quartz ( a crystal ).
*— two ancestral ape chromosomes fused to give rise to human chromosome 2
While fused quartz ( primarily composed of SiO < sub > 2 </ sub >) is used for some special applications, it is not very common due to its high glass transition temperature of over 1200 ° C ( 2192 ° F ).< ref > Normally, other substances are added to simplify processing.
For example, in the Homininae, two chromosomes fused to produce human chromosome 2 ; this fusion did not occur in the lineage of the other apes, and they retain these separate chromosomes.
PA-RISC 2. 0 also added fused multiply – add instructions, which help certain floating-point intensive algorithms, and the MAX-2 SIMD extension, which provides instructions for accelerating multimedia applications.
In allele " a ", restriction site 2 has been lost by a mutation, so the probe now detects the larger fused fragment running from sites 1 to 3.
Step-index optical fiber is generally made by doping high-purity fused silica glass ( SiO < sub > 2 </ sub >) with different concentrations of materials like titanium, germanium, or boron.
The flowers are bell-shaped, greenish-white to yellowish, long, with six tepals partially fused together at the base ; they are produced singly or in clusters of 2 – 3 in the junctions of the branchlets.
The numbers of fused vertebrae were significantly different ( 11. 7 ± 1. 6 for pedicle screw versus 13. 0 ± 1. 2 for hybrid group ).
This plant produces highly modified cones with 2 to 4 fused, fleshy berry-like juicy scales, bright red when mature.
They have fused lateral sepals ( synsepals ) with a length of about 2. 5 cm and a small split at the end.
They have fused lateral sepals ( synsepals ) with a length of about 2. 5 cm.
In a specimen described by Livezey ( 1949 ) from Walker County, Texas, 11 of 17 crossbands were not joined middorsally, while on one side three of the crossbands were fused together longitudinally to form a continuous undulating band, surmounted above by a dark stripe that was 22. 5 scales wide.
1-3 ( rarely-6 ) carpels are fused to a superior ovary with 1 ( rarely 2 ) basal ovule.
1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrazines are often isolated fused to an aromatic ring system and are stabilized as the dioxide derivatives.
The septum is quadrangular ; the upper half is flanked by two ( 2 ) triangular-to-trapezoidal cartilages: the upper lateral-cartilages, which are fused to the dorsal septum in the midline, and laterally attached, with loose ligaments, to the bony margin of the pyriform ( pear-shaped ) aperture, while the inferior ends of the upper lateral-cartilages are free ( unattached ).
The flowers are produced in dense or open whorls on an erect spike, each flower 1 – 2 cm long, with a typical peaflower shape with an upper ' standard ' or ' banner ', two lateral ' wings ' and two lower petals fused as a ' keel '.
The material of the envelope provides another limit for the output power ; 1 mm thick fused quartz has a limit of 200 W / cm < sup > 2 </ sup >, synthetic quartz of same thickness can run up to 240 W / cm < sup > 2 </ sup >.
Its impressive load bearing abilities are due to the dendritic microstructure, in which spherical particles of average size 2 – 5 nm are fused together into clusters.
90 % of Ichneumonidae have a flexible suture between metasomal tergum 2 and 3-these tergites are fused in Braconidae ( though the suture is secondarily flexible in Aphidiinae ).
Breaking out of its own pod as the fusion process is activated, Brundlefly is gruesomely fused with chunks of metal and other components from Telepod 2.

fused and rings
Metallic antimony adopts a layered structure ( space group Rm No. 166 ) in which layers consist of fused ruffled six-membered rings.
For example, the nitrogen atom of all bicyclic β-lactams fused to five-membered rings is labelled position 4, as it is in penams, while in cephems, the nitrogen is position 5.
The nucleobases are classified into two types: the purines, A and G, being fused five-and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C and T. A fifth pyrimidine nucleobase, uracil ( U ), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.
Another large class of heterocycles are fused to benzene rings, which for pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan are quinoline, benzothiophene, indole, and benzofuran, respectively.
These molecules, composed primarily of fused rings of carbon ( either neutral or in an ionized state ), are said to be the most common class of carbon compound in the galaxy.
The core of steroids is composed of twenty carbon atoms bonded together that take the form of four fused rings: three cyclohexane rings ( designated as rings A, B, and C in the figure to the right ) and one cyclopentane ring ( the D ring ).
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms ( see also simple aromatic rings ).
Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings.
* Emil Erlenmeyer proposes that naphthalene has a structure of two fused benzene rings.
Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings.
Pteridine is a chemical compound composed of fused pyrimidine and pyrazine rings.
Pentalene is a polycyclic hydrocarbon composed of two fused cyclopentadiene rings.
The dianion can also be considered as two fused cyclopentadienyl rings, and has been used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry to stabilise many types of mono-and bimetallic complexes, including those containing multiple metal-metal bonds, and anti-bimetallics with extremely high levels of electronic communication between the centers.
Naphthalene is the simplest such multi-ringed hydrocarbon, having the structure of two fused benzene rings.

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