Alfonso III ( 1265, Valencia – 18 June 1291 AD ), called the Liberal ( el Liberal ) or the Free ( also " the Frank ," from el Franc ), was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfons II ) from 1285.

* 1265 – Second Barons ' War: Battle of Evesham – the army of Prince Edward ( the future king Edward I of England ) defeats the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, killing de Montfort and many of his allies.

* 1265 – Thomas Aquinas wrote about the gift of tongues in the New Testament, which he understood to be an ability to speak every language, given for the purposes of missionary work.

Similarly, he accompanied Cardinal Ottobuono Fieschi, the future Pope Adrian V, to England in 1265 – 1268 to suppress a rebellion by a group of barons against King Henry III of England.

Pope Clement IV ( 23 November 1190 / 1200 – 29 November 1268 ), born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat ; ), was Pope from 5 February 1265 until his death.

Other Italian poets of the time, including Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ) and Guido Cavalcanti ( c. 1250 – 1300 ) wrote sonnets, but the most famous early sonneteer was Petrarca ( known in English as Petrarch ).

* Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and writer ( 1265 – 1321 ).

* September 16 – Notburga, Austrian saint ( b. 1265 )

* 1265 – King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.

* 1265 – January 20 – In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now also known as the Houses of Parliament.

* 1265 – Before August – Future King Edward I escapes captivity in the hands of Simon de Montfort.

* 1265 – August 4 – The Battle of Evesham is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies.

* 1265 – The Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule for a brief period of 10 years.

* 1265 – Mongol raid against Thrace and Byzantium, led by Nogai Khan.

* 1265 – The Book of Aneirin, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.

* 1265 – The brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia ( now part of the Czech Republic ); Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.

* 1265 – Fire destroys parts of Old Cairo.

* 1265 – Correspondence from Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope and later for papal bulls.

* 1265 – May 14 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet ( d. 1321 )

It first met on 20 January 1265 in Westminster Hall and was dissolved on 15 February 1265.

* 1265 – 20 January – In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now also known as the Houses of Parliament.

It first met on 20 January 1265 at Westminster Hall and was dissolved on 15 February 1265.

The first elected parliament was De Montfort's Parliament in England in 1265.

This studium was transformed into the Order's first studium provinciale by Saint Thomas Aquinas in 1265.

The first recorded evidence of the city was made in 1265 under the name Hungnod as a hub for leather tanning and wool processing.

Much of Balsham's time was spent in repairing damage done to his diocese by various people, first the royal administrators during the election dispute, and then later some of the baronial supporters who occupied the Isle of Ely in 1265.

The name De Montfort University was taken from Simon de Montfort, a 13th century Earl of Leicester credited with establishing the first parliament in 1265.

The first written mark ( the name Pousarakusa – translated Rákoskeresztúr ) was a title-deed written in 1265.

* Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester ( 1208 – 1265 ), son of the 5th Earl, a powerful English baron, led a revolt against King Henry III of England, called the first elected parliament

In 1265 Chögyal Phagpa returned to Tibet and for the first time made an attempt to impose Sakya hegemony with the appointment of Shakya Bzang-po ( a long time servant and ally of the Sakyas ) as the Dpon-chen (' great administrator ') over Tibet in 1267.

In 1265, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester summoned the first elected Parliament.

He was the eldest son of the sometime Justiciar Hugh le Despenser ( d. 1265 ), who was summoned in 1264 to De Montfort's Parliament and is sometimes considered the first baron.

" Villani's Cronica also provides the first known biography of Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ), author of the Divine Comedy, who Villani described as haughty, disdainful, and reserved.

The settlement of Schwedt was first mentioned in a 1265 deed.

The first written reference to the school appears in 1265 when the Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantilupe, sent four chaplains into the city to teach.

The hall was first mentioned in 1265, but this could have been a nearby moated timbered dwelling.

In 1265 ' Phags-pa returned to Tibet and for the first time made an attempt to impose Sa-skya hegemony with the appointment of Shakya Bzang-po ( a long time servant and ally of the Sa-skyas ) as the Dpon-chen ' great administrator ' over Tibet in 1267.

It was first attested in 1265 as Hungnod by the Papal Quitrent Register.

* Simon Stock ( 1165 – 1265 ), 13th Century English saint

Little consideration for English interests is shown in the Treaty of Pipton which sealed that alliance on 22 June 1265.

The English royalist forces at the Battle of Evesham in 1265 used a red cross on their uniforms to distinguish themselves from the white crosses used by the rebel barons at the Battle of Lewes a year earlier.

English Heritage Battlefield Report: Evesham 1265.

* " The Anglo-Norman and Angevin Administrative System ( 1100 – 1265 )", in Essays Introductory to the Study of English Constitutional History ( 1887 )

His alliance with Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, in 1265 against King Henry III of England allowed him to reconquer large areas of mid Wales from the English Marcher Lords.

Sir Peter de Montfort ( c. 1215 – 4 August 1265 ) was an English parliamentarian.

On 2 August 1265 Henry III was brought as a prisoner to Kempsey by Simon de Montford, Earl of Leicester and leader of the English barons.

* Rise of democratic parliaments in England and Scotland: Magna Carta ( 1215 ) limiting the authority of powerholders, First elected parliament ( 1265 ), The Levellers political movement, English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ), Habeas Corpus Act ( 1679 ) and English Bill of Rights.

* Simon de Montfort in 1265 introduced the idea that powerholders are responsible to an electorate — ( although only landowners were allowed to vote in the 1265 English election )

Military clashes between the " English run " Basques of Aquitaine and the Navarrese in 1249 led however in 1250 the Seigneur of Ainhoa, to recognize the suzerainty of king Henry III of England, but by 1265, Gonzalvo Juanis, Seigneur of Ainhoa, also known as Gonzalvo Ibáñez or Gonzalvo Yáñes, did not recognize either, English or Navarrese, dying in 1289 and opening the way to conquering it by old historical claims with military actions.

De Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament of 1265, instigated by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader.