* 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a " divine wind " for the second time in the Battle of Kōan.

# David ( 20 March 1272 – June 1281 Stirling Castle ); buried in Dunfermline Abbey

On 8 November 1273, Andronikos II married Anne of Hungary ( 1260 – 1281 ), daughter of the king Stephen V of Hungary.

These biographies until those of Pope Martin IV ( 1281 – 1285 ) are extant only as revised by Petrus Guillermi in the manuscripts of the monastery of St. Gilles having been taken from the Chronicle of Martin of Opava.

Orhan I or Orhan Bey ( Ottoman:, Orhan Gazi ; 1281, Söğüt – March 1362, Bursa ) was the second bey of the nascent Ottoman Empire ( then known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate ) from 1326 to 1362.

Pope Martin IV, ( c. 1210 / 1220 – 28 March 1285 ), born Simon de Brion, held the papacy from 21 February 1281 until his death.

* Rumo of Ramstein ( 1277 – 1281 )

* Wilhelm of Montfort ( 1281 – 1301 )

* July 4 – Rudolph I of Bohemia ( b. 1281 )

* 1279 – A diplomatic party of the Yuan Dynasty sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.

* 1281 – Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople ; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.

* 1281 – An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily ten years earlier.

* 1281 – August 15 – The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled at the Battle of Kōan ( or Battle of Hakata Bay ) as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind — destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140, 000 men and 4, 000 ships.

* 1281 – The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun ( in present-day Thailand ) is captured by King Mengrai's Lannathai kingdom.

* 1281 – Second Mongol invasion of Syria.

* 1281 – October 29 – Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan at the Battle of Homs.

* 1281 – Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia ; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.

< p >— Book XII, lines 1281 – 1295, Fitzgerald trans.

# Agnes ( 18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden ), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.

The first attempt of Henry IV to take the Seniorate Province at Kraków was during 1280 – 1281, as a response to the invasion which the Polish High Duke Leszek II the Black had made against Wrocław before.

* Henry V, Count of Luxembourg ( 1216 – 1281 )

1262 – after 7 February 1293 ), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.

One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281.

* A Yuan diplomatic party sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.

The Mongols under Kublai Khan attempted sea-borne invasions in 1274 and 1281 ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).

Kublai realized that nature, not military incompetence, had been the cause of his forces ' failure so, in 1281, he launched a second invasion.

The Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan twice with enormous fleets ( of both Mongols and Chinese ), in 1274 and again in 1281, both attempts being unsuccessful ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).

The Mongol invasions of Japan crossed this sea and ravaged the Tsushima Islands before the kamikaze – translated as " divine wind " – a typhoon that is said to have saved Japan from a Mongol invasion fleet led by Kublai Khan in 1281.

* Battle of Kōan-the second invasion attempt by Kublai Khan, in 1281.

The of 1274 and 1281 were major military efforts undertaken by Kublai Khan to conquer the Japanese islands after the submission of Goryeo ( Korea ) to vassaldom.

* Battle of Kōan-the second invasion attempt by Kublai Khan, in 1281.

Following the attempts at Mongol invasions of Japan by Kublai Khan in 1274 and 1281, Japanese wakō became very active in plundering the coast of the Chinese Empire.

The next year in 1281, the Khan sent another envoy, demanding the same, which was refused again.

Külüg Khan ( Mongolian: Hülüg Khaan, Хөлөг хаан, Külüg qaγan ), born Khayishan (), or Emperor Wuzong of Yuan () ( August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311 ), was an Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and is regarded as the seventh Great Khan of the Mongols in

However, in 1281, at the Thirty-sixth Council of Paris, in which several differences between bishops and mendicant orders were arranged, he sided with the bishops against the regulars.

Seal ( device ) | Seal of Stockholm known from an imprint from 1296 ; most likely the city's first seal mentioned in a letter from 1281.

In the years from 1281 to 1284, Alexander's two sons and one daughter died in quick succession.

The founding legend of Gojoseon, which is recorded in the Samguk Yusa ( 1281 ) and other medieval Korean books, states that the country was established in 2333 BC by Dangun, said to be descended from heaven.

She was betrothed to his son Hartmann, but his death in 1281 prevented the marriage from taking place.

The Mongols returned in 1281 with a force of some 50, 000 Mongol-Korean-North Chinese along with some 100, 000 Chinese conscripts from the defeated Song empire in south China.

The line of the bridge rather mimics an ancient ferry route, from Hessle to Barton upon Humber, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book and in a charter of 1281, and which was recorded as still running into the railway era in 1856.

Yuriy Danilovich, also known as Georgiy Danilovich ( Юрий Данилович in Russian ) ( 1281 – November 21, 1325 ) was Prince of Moscow ( 1303 – 1325 ) and Grand Prince of Vladimir ( from 1318 ).

* The church St .- Remigius, of which some walls still date the original construction from the year 1281.

Buildings from the medieval ages include St. John's Church ( built 1281 – 1284 ), the ruins of the Order's castle, Cēsis Castle and fortification walls, fragments of which can still be seen at Vaļņu and Palasta Streets.

* Margaret, engaged to Alphonso, Earl of Chester, son of King Edward I of England from 1281 to his death in 1284.

The year of Richard de Bury's birth is debated, there are conflicting sources ; the earliest date from the Catholic Encyclopedia is 1281, other historians determined his birth year to be either 1286 or 1287.

Though there is no documentary evidence to support it, Carmelite tradition suggests that a community of Jewish hermits had lived at the site from the time of Elijah until the Carmelites were founded there ; prefixed to the Carmelite Constitution of 1281 was the claim that from the time when Elijah and Elisha had dwelt devoutly on Mount Carmel, priests and prophets, Jewish and Christian, had lived praiseworthy lives in holy penitence adjacent to the site of the fountain of Elisha, in an uninterrupted succession.

Rudolf I of Habsburg (; 1281 – 3 / 4 July 1307 ) was Duke of Austria and Styria ( as Rudolph III ) from 1298 and King of Bohemia and titular King of Poland from 1306 until his death.

* Eleanor of Provence ( c. 1223 – 91 ), consort of Henry III who had custody of the bridge revenues from 1269 to about 1281.