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1281 and
# David ( 20 March 1272 June 1281 Stirling Castle ); buried in Dunfermline Abbey
On 8 November 1273, Andronikos II married Anne of Hungary ( 1260 1281 ), daughter of the king Stephen V of Hungary.
These biographies until those of Pope Martin IV ( 1281 1285 ) are extant only as revised by Petrus Guillermi in the manuscripts of the monastery of St. Gilles having been taken from the Chronicle of Martin of Opava.
Orhan I or Orhan Bey ( Ottoman:, Orhan Gazi ; 1281, Söğüt March 1362, Bursa ) was the second bey of the nascent Ottoman Empire ( then known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate ) from 1326 to 1362.
Pope Martin IV, ( c. 1210 / 1220 28 March 1285 ), born Simon de Brion, held the papacy from 21 February 1281 until his death.
* Rumo of Ramstein ( 1277 1281 )
* Wilhelm of Montfort ( 1281 1301 )
* July 4 Rudolph I of Bohemia ( b. 1281 )
* 1279 A diplomatic party of the Yuan Dynasty sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.
* 1281 Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople ; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.
* 1281 An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily ten years earlier.
* 1281 August 15 The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled at the Battle of Kōan ( or Battle of Hakata Bay ) as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind — destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140, 000 men and 4, 000 ships.
* 1281 The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun ( in present-day Thailand ) is captured by King Mengrai's Lannathai kingdom.
* 1281 Second Mongol invasion of Syria.
* 1281 October 29 Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan at the Battle of Homs.
* 1281 Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia ; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.
* 1281 Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Dao Zheng ( Taoist Canon ) from 4, 565 to 1, 120.
< p >— Book XII, lines 1281 1295, Fitzgerald trans.
# Agnes ( 18 May 1281 10 June 1364, Königsfelden ), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
The first attempt of Henry IV to take the Seniorate Province at Kraków was during 1280 1281, as a response to the invasion which the Polish High Duke Leszek II the Black had made against Wrocław before.
* Henry V, Count of Luxembourg ( 1216 1281 )
1262 after 7 February 1293 ), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.

1281 and Mongol
A Mongol bomb thrown against a charging Japan ese samurai during the Mongol invasions of Japan after founding the Yuan Dynasty, 1281.
Japan used defensive naval techniques in the Mongol invasions of Japan in 1281.
In 1274 and 1281, the Mongol Empire launched invasions against Japan.
One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281.
* The Mongol invasions of Japan of 1274 and 1281.
A Mongol bomb thrown against a charging Japanese samurai during the Mongol invasions of Japan, 1281.
During his reign, the unsuccessful Mongol invasions of Japan occurred, first in 1274 and again in 1281.
* The Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281: a coalition of Mongol, Chinese and Korean troops under the Yuan dynasty unsuccessfully invaded Kamakura Japan
The Mongols under Kublai Khan attempted sea-borne invasions in 1274 and 1281 ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).
Mamluks also defeated new Mongol attacks in Syria in 1271 and 1281 ( 2nd Battle of Homs ).
* 1281 Battle of Kōan, the second invasion in the Mongol invasions of Japan
Japanese samurai boarding Mongol ships in 1281.
The Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan attempted to invade Japan twice with enormous fleets ( of both Mongols and Chinese ), in 1274 and again in 1281, both attempts being unsuccessful ( see Mongol invasions of Japan ).
However, the attempted Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281 changed Japanese weaponry and warfare.
Takashima, within the borders of the modern town, is the location where the Mongol invasions of Japan, floundered due to the winds of typhoons in 1274 and 1281, giving rise to the legend of the kamikaze.
The main conflicts that contributed to the outbreak of the civil war were the growing conflict between the Hōjō family and other warrior groups in the wake of the Mongol invasions of Japan of 1274 and 1281 and the failure of the Kemmu Restoration, which triggered the struggle between the supporters of the imperial loyalists and supporters of the Ashikaga clan.
Land-owning samurai, together with peasant foot soldiers, fought in many wars and conflicts including the Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281.
The Mongol invasions of Japan crossed this sea and ravaged the Tsushima Islands before the kamikaze translated as " divine wind " a typhoon that is said to have saved Japan from a Mongol invasion fleet led by Kublai Khan in 1281.

1281 and invasion
* A Yuan diplomatic party sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.
A second invasion attempt was made in 1281, in what has come to be known as the Battle of Kōan ; the Mongol-led forces retreated after losing many ships due to a typhoon once again.
Kublai realized that nature, not military incompetence, had been the cause of his forces ' failure so, in 1281, he launched a second invasion.
Kubilai gathered up troops for another invasion in 1281, which again was a failure due to typhoon.
In 1281 Leo joined the Mongols in their invasion of Syria, but they were vanquished at the Second Battle of Homs.
Sultan Qalawun defeated a rebellion in Syria that was led by Sunqur al-Ashqar in 1280, and also defeated another Mongol invasion in 1281 that was led by Abaqa outside Homs.
* Battle of Kōan-the second invasion attempt by Kublai Khan, in 1281.
* Kamikaze ( typhoon ), a typhoon that defeated the Mongol invasion of Japan in 1281.
After the Toi invasion, private trade started between Goryeo, Tsushima, Iki, and Kyūshū, but halted during the Mongol invasions of Japan between 1274 and 1281.
After the Toi invasion, private trade started between Goryeo, Tsushima, Iki, and Kyūshū, but were halted by the Mongol Invasions of Japan of 1274 and 1281.
* Battle of Kōan-the second invasion attempt by Kublai Khan, in 1281.
In the summer of 1281 they gathered two invasion forces and invaded.
The temple was founded in 1282 by a Chinese Zen monk at the request of the then ruler of Japan, the regent Hōjō Tokimune after he had repelled a Mongolian invasion in the period 1274 to 1281.

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