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* 1455 – Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type.
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Saint Benedict of Nursia ( c. 480 – 543 ), detail from a fresco by Fra Angelico, Saint Mark's Basilica | San Marco, Florence ( c. 1400 – 1455 ).
The Borgia family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century ; Cesare's great-uncle Alonso Borgia ( 1378 – 1458 ), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455.
Fra Angelico ( born Guido di Pietro ; c. 1395 – February 18, 1455 ) was an Early Italian Renaissance painter described by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having " a rare and perfect talent ".
The conflicts are known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 – 1485 ), and although the fighting was very sporadic and small, there was a general breakdown in the authority and power of the Crown.
Some printed editions of Ars Minor, a schoolbook on Latin grammar by Aelius Donatus may have been printed by Gutenberg ; these have been dated either 1451 – 52 or 1455.
John II (; 2 August 1455 – 9 January 1499 ) was Elector of Brandenburg from 1486 until his death, the fourth of the House of Hohenzollern.
English castles, including Kenilworth, did not play a decisive role during the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 – 85 ), which were fought primarily in the form of pitched battles between the rival factions of the Lancastrians and the Yorkists.
* 1455 – Wars of the Roses: at the First Battle of St Albans, Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England.
He had already taken orders, and one of the first acts of Pope Eugene's successor, Pope Nicholas V ( 1447 – 1455 ), was to make him Bishop of Trieste.
Pope Callixtus III ( 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458 ) (, ), né Alfons de Borja, was Pope from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458.
* 1455 – 1485: Wars of the Roses – English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
* Lorenzo Ghiberti ( 1378 – 1455 ) was an Italian artist of the early Renaissance best known for works in sculpture and metalworking.
1455 and date
Between 1450 and 1455, Gutenberg printed several texts, some of which remain unidentified ; his texts did not bear the printer's name or date, so attribution is possible only from typographical evidence and external references.
The Judith and Holofernes, begun for the Duomo di Siena date from 1455 to 1460 but were later acquired by the Medici.
There, however, has been debate concerning the dating of the tomb, with some supporting a date in the late 1440s and others, believing that Bernardo could not have conceived its classical character prior to his stay in Rome, preferring a date after 1455.
His works sorted by date include: De avaritia ( 1428-9 ); An Seni Sit uxor ducenda ( 1436 ); Liber facetiarum ( 1438-1452 ); De infelicitate principum ( 1440 ); De nobilitate ( 1440 ); De varietate fortunae ( 1431-1448 ); De miseria humanae conditionis ( 1455 ); Epistolae ; Historia florentina.
1455 and for
The discredit attaching to bowling alleys, first established in London in 1455, probably encouraged subsequent repressive legislation, for many of the alleys were connected with taverns frequented by the dissolute and gamesters.
A November 1455 legal document records that there was a partnership for a " project of the books ," the funds for which Gutenberg had used for other purposes, according to Fust.
A quarter of the 180 copy edition of Johannes Gutenberg's first Bible printed in 1455 with movable type was also printed on vellum, presumably because his market expected this for a high-quality book.
The polarization of the scholarly community in Germany over the Reuchlin ( 1455 – 1522 ) affair, attacked by the elite clergy for his study of Hebrew and Jewish texts, brought Luther fully in line with the humanist educational reforms who favored academic freedom.
It was she who called for a Great Council in May 1455 that excluded the Yorkist faction headed by Richard, Duke of York, and thus provided the spark that ignited a civil conflict that lasted for over thirty years, decimated the old nobility of England, and caused the deaths of thousands of men, including her only son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, at the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471.
In May 1455, just over five months after Henry VI recovered from a bout of mental illness and Richard of York's regency had ended, Margaret called for a Great Council from which the Yorkists were excluded.
Fearing arrest for treason, York and his most prominent allies, the Nevilles ( York's brother in law, the Earl of Salisbury and his son, the Earl of Warwick, later known as the " Kingmaker "), finally resorted to armed force in 1455.
* Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York was twice ( 3 April 1454 – February 1455 and 19 November 1455 – 25 February 1456 ) Protector for the same Henry VI
Esen himself faced growing criticism for his failure to exploit his victory over the Ming and he was assassinated six years after the battle in 1455.
* 7 November 1455: Isabelle Romée, the mother of Joan of Arc, petitions a papal delegation to overturn her daughter's conviction for heresy.
At the papal conclave of 1455 which elected the Aragonese candidate, Alfons de Borja, as Callixtus III, Cardinal Bassarion was an early candidate for his disinterest in the competition between Roman factions that pressed candidates of the Orsini and Colonna factions.
By an Act of Parliament in 1455, each of these towers was required to have an iron basket on its summit and a smoke or fire signal, for day or night use, ready at hand.
The second element, " the ferm " may have been an alternative name for the Tower Burn according to a medieval record published in 1455 and that, together with the Lyne Burn to the south, suggest the site of a fortification between these two watercourses.
His wife Joan Wotton survived him and married secondly in about 1408 Thomas Young, twice mayor of Bristol, by whom she had two successful sons, John Young, Alderman of London, Grocer and Lord Mayor of London in 1466, and Thomas Young ( d. 1476 ) a lawyer of the Middle Temple, Recorder of Bristol from 1441 and MP for Bristol almost continuously, with one break in 1453, between 1435 to 1455.
Thomas Young served as the other of Bristol's two MP's during his half-brother William II Canynges's terms as MP in 1450 and 1455, and before 1450 entered into the household of Richard, Duke of York ( d. 1460 ), the Yorkist contender for heirship to the Throne then occupied by Henry VI ( 1422-1461 ).
* Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham ( 1455 – 1483 ), only son of Lord Stafford, was attainted for treason in 1483
Whatever the truth, the Helmasperger document of November 6, 1455, shows that Fust advanced money to Gutenberg ( apparently 800 guilders in 1450, and another 800 in 1452 ) to carry on his work, and that Fust, in 1455, brought a suit against Gutenberg to recover the money he had lent, claiming 2026 guilders for principal and interest.
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