With the Papal Bull of 1493, Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the Pagans of the New World to Catholicism.

With the creation of a national Sejm in 1493, which took over competences with regards to taxation and the pospolite ruszenie ( previously-at Nieszawa-granted to sejmiks ), the importance of regional governance had somewhat diminished.

The Bull Inter caetera in 1493 led to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, which divided the world into areas of Spanish and Portuguese rule.

In 1456, he issued the papal bull Inter Caetera to Portugal ( not to be confused with Inter Caetera of 1493 ).

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

In 1493, the papal bull Inter caetera was the third of a series that paved the way for the European colonization and Catholic missions in the New World, authorizing to take possession of non-Christian lands and encouraging the enslavement of the non-Christian people of Africa and the Americas.

When in May 1493, the Pope Alexander VI issued the Inter caetera bull granting the new lands to the Kingdom of Spain, he requested in exchange an evangelization of the people.

Later, the 1481 Papal Bull Aeterni regis granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to the Portuguese Empire, while in May 1493 the Aragonese-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull Inter caetera that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to the Spanish Empire while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal.

Spain had claimed the entire Pacific coast of the Americas since the Inter caetera papal bull of 1493, reinforced in 1513 when Vasco Núñez de Balboa formally claimed all lands adjoining the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown.

Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope ( contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera ) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza.

The meridian to the right was defined by Inter caetera ( 1493 ), the one to the left by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( 1494 ).

The King of Portugal asserted that the discovery was within the bounds set forth in the papal bulls of 1452 ( Dum diversas ), 1455 ( Romanus Pontifex ), 1456 ( Inter caetera, not to be confused with the 1493 bull of the same name ), 1481 ( Aeterni regis ), and 1484.

ca: Butlla menor Inter Caetera de 1493

es: Bula menor Inter caetera de 1493

The concept of the consignment of exclusive spheres of influence to certain nation states was extended to the Americas in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI with Inter caetera.

Written by Council of Castile jurist Juan López de Palacios Rubios in 1513, it was used to justify the assertion that God, through historical Saint Peter and appointed Papal successors, held authority as ruler over the entire Earth ; and that the Inter Caetera Papal Bull, of 4 May 1493 by Pope Alexander VI, conferred title over all the Americas to the Spanish monarchs.

* 1493 – Pope Alexander VI divides the New World between Spain and Portugal along the Line of Demarcation.

The Northwest Passage represented a new route to the established trading nations of Asia, as in 1493 to defuse trade disputes, Pope Alexander VI split the discovered world in two between Spain and Portugal ; thus France, the Netherlands, and England were left without a sea route to Asia, either via Africa or South America, unless their ships defied the ban and explored such waters regardless ( they did, and the ban became unenforceable ).

Maximilian I ( 22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519 ), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans ( also known as King of the Germans ) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky.

In 1493 he was appointed Cardinal priest of the church of St. Anastasia in Rome by Pope Alexander VI.

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( June 7, 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on May 4, 1493.

Initially trained as an apostolic notary, he joined the Roman Curia in 1491 and in 1493 Pope Alexander VI appointed him Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano.

Between 1493 and 1501, many Jews were expelled from their homes and sought sanctuary in the region of Avignon, which was still under the direct rule of the Pope.

In 1484 Antonio took up his residence in Rome, where he executed the tomb of Pope Sixtus IV, now in the Museum of St. Peter's ( finished in 1493 ), a composition in which he again manifested the quality of exaggeration in the anatomical features of the figures.

* Alessandro Farnese ( 1468-1549 ) ( 1493, 1524, elected Pope Paul III in 1534 )

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( 7 June 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on 4 May 1493.

Although the New Testament nowhere mentions that divine battle aid could be gained from Christ ,< ref > Padberg 1998: 48 > crowned by the Pope was Maximilian I in 1493.

The Spanish were briefly given territorial rights to India by Pope Alexander VI on 25 September 1493 by the bull Dudum siquidem before these rights were removed by the Treaty of Tordesillas less than one year later.

Pope Alexander VI in 1493 and later Pope Julius II in 1508 gave the crown extensive authority over this domain with the goal of converting the Indians to Catholicism.

A rebellion by his nephew, Alexander of Lochalsh provoked an exasperated James IV to forfeit the family's lands in 1493.

** Alexander ( c. 1493 – Battle of Flodden Field, 9 September 1513 ), Archbishop of St Andrews.

On 18 January 1493, Brańsk received a city charter based on Magdeburg rights from the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Alexander Jagiellon.

Spence traces it back to the reign of Richard II, Leadam claims there is no record of the Court's existence before 1493, Pollard writes ( based on documents discovered after Leadam's work ) that it was in existence from at least 1465, while Alexander writes that it first appeared during the reign of the House of York, and Kleineke states that it was created in 1485 by Richard III.

Among the significant events organised by Burchard as Ceremoniere were: the visit of Don Federigo de Aragon to Rome ( December 1493 to January 1494 ); the coronation of Alfonso II of Naples ( May 1494 ); the reception of Charles VIII of France in Rome ( November 1494 to February 1495 ); the Papal Embassy to the Emperor Maximilian in Milan ( July – November 1496 ); the Proclamation of the Jubilee ( Christmas 1499 ); the visit of Alexander VI to Piombino ( January – March 1502 ); and obsequies of Pope Alexander VI ( August 1503 ).

In 1493, Pope Alexander VI restored the name of S. Ciriaco.

Pope Alexander VI, a native of Valencia, issued a series of bulls limiting Portuguese power in favor of that of Spain, most notably Dudum siquidem ( 1493 ).

It had no real purpose except to exercise the claimed right of Argentina to the continuation of its landmass which ( along with almost the entire Western Hemisphere including the US and Canada ) had been proclaimed as a Spanish entitlement by Pope Alexander VI in 1493 through the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Puerto Rico had been a Spanish colonial possession from 1493 to 1898, when it was taken by the US after the Spanish-American War.

* Bianca Maria Sforza ( 1472 – 1510 ) — they were married in 1493, the marriage bringing Maximilian a rich dowry and allowing him to assert his rights as Imperial overlord of Milan.

The claims of Spain on the Oregon Country dated to the papal bull of 1493 which had granted to Spain the rights to colonize the western coast of North America and to the actions of Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513, when he claimed all the " South Sea " ( the Pacific Ocean ) and the lands adjoining the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown.

The first benefice he received was in 1489 when Pope Innocent VIII provided him to the Parsonage of Forest church ( Yarrow in the Scottish borders ). King James IV Then in 1492, he used his influence at Rome to obtain the guarantee of the provision to the abbacy of Culross but resigned his rights in 1493 in return for a substantial pension from the monastery ’ s income.