* 1553 – Louise of Lorraine ( d. 1601 )

* Albert Frederick ( 1553 – 1618 )

* 1489 – Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer ( d. 1553 )

* 1625 – Mori Terumoto, Japanese warrior ( b. 1553 )

* Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau 1544 – 1553 and 1603 – 1665

Albert Frederick (, ; 7 May 1553 Königsberg – 28 August 1618 Fischhausen ) was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death.

They were parents to a daughter, Louise Borgia, Duchess of Valentinois, ( 1500 – 1553 ) who first married Louis II de La Tremouille, Governor of Burgundy, and secondly Philippe de Bourbon ( 1499 – 1557 ), Seigneur de Busset.

* 1553 – King Henry IV of France ( d. 1610 )

Erasmus Alberus ( c. 1500 – 1553 ), German humanist, reformer, and poet, was born in the village of Bruchenbrücken ( now part of Friedberg, Hesse ) about the year 1500.

* 1553 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician ( b. 1511 )

Lucas Cranach the Elder ( 1472 – 1553 ), the great painter patronized by the electors of Wittenberg, was a close friend of Luther, and illustrated Luther's theology for a popular audience.

* 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.

* 1553 – Mori Terumoto, Japanese warrior ( d. 1625 )

* 1553 – Archduke Ernest of Austria ( d. 1595 )

* 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.

On 30 October 1594, John Sigismund married Anna of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia ( 1553 – 1618 ).

* 1615 – Margaret of Valois ( b. 1553 )

* 1521 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony ( d. 1553 )

Mary I ( 18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558 ) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.

* Loades, David M. ( 1991 ) The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England, 1553 – 58.

* 1553 – Prospero Alpini, Italian physician and botanist ( d. 1617 )

Important naval victories of the Ottoman Empire in this period include the Battle of Preveza ( 1538 ); Battle of Ponza ( 1552 ); Battle of Djerba ( 1560 ); conquest of Algiers ( in 1516 and 1529 ) and Tunis ( in 1534 and 1574 ) from Spain ; conquest of Rhodes ( 1522 ) and Tripoli ( 1551 ) from the Knights of St. John ; capture of Nice ( 1543 ) from the Holy Roman Empire ; capture of Corsica ( 1553 ) from the Republic of Genoa ; capture of the Balearic Islands ( 1558 ) from Spain ; capture of Aden ( 1548 ), Muscat ( 1552 ) and Aceh ( 1565 – 67 ) from Portugal during the Indian Ocean expeditions ; among others.

However, this had been revealed two years before by Michael Servetus in his fateful " Christianismi restitutio " ( 1553 ).

Independently from Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus rediscovered the pulmonary circulation, but this discovery did not reach the public cause it was written down for the first time in the " Manuscript of Paris " in 1546, and later published in the theological work which he paid with his life in 1553.

The turning point in Calvin's fortunes occurred when Michael Servetus, a fugitive from ecclesiastical authorities, appeared in Geneva on 13 August 1553.

* 1553 – Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva.

In his dissections of the heart, Vesalius became convinced that Galen's claims of a porous Interventricular septum were false. This fact was previously described by Michael Servetus, fellow of Vesalius, but never reached the public, for it was written down in the " Manuscript of Paris ", in 1546, and just published later in his Christianismi Restitutio ( 1553 ), an heretic book for the Inquisition.

* September 29 – Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian ( d. 1553 )

The second referred to the burning of Michael Servetus at Geneva Oct. 27, 1553.

Among the best-known individuals to be executed by burning were Jacques de Molay ( 1314 ), Jan Hus ( 1415 ), St. Joan of Arc ( 30 May 1431 ), Savonarola ( 1498 ) Patrick Hamilton ( 1528 ), John Frith ( 1533 ), William Tyndale ( 1536 ), Michael Servetus ( 1553 ), Giordano Bruno ( 1600 ) and Avvakum ( 1682 ).

In 1553 Michael Servetus published yet another religious work with further anti-trinitarian views.

Later non-Trinitarian teachers included: Abelard ( 1079 – 1142 ), who was accused of Sabellianism and forced into refuge in a monastery in France ; Michael Servetus ( 1511 – 1553 ), an eminent physician from Spain, sometimes cited as a motivating force of Unitarianism, who wrote, " There is no other person of God but Christ ... the entire Godhead of the Father is in him ", and was burned at the stake for heresy on October 27, 1553 ; Emanuel Swedenborg ( 1688 – 1772 ); and Presbyterian minister John Miller, author of Is God a Trinity?

Others included Camillo Renato ( 1540 ) Mátyás Dévai Bíró ( 1500 – 1545 ) Michael Servetus ( 1511 – 1553 ) Laelio Sozzini ( 1562 ) Fausto Sozzini ( 1563 ) the Polish Brethren ( 1565 onwards ) Dirk Philips ( 1504 – 1568 ) Gregory Paul of Brzezin ( 1568 ) the Socinians ( 1570 – 1800 ) John Frith ( 1573 ) George Schomann ( 1574 ) Simon Budny ( 1576 )

Although the permeability of the septum was denied by Michael Servetus in Christianismi Restitutio in 1553 and by Ibn al-Nafis in the 12th century, Colombo was the first to describe an alternative.

In 1553, Michael Servetus said that blood flows from the heart to the lungs, and that it there mixes with air to form the arterial blood which flows back to the heart.

It was also described by Michael Servetus in the " Manuscript of Paris " ( near 1546, never published ) and later published in his Christianismi Restitutio ( 1553 ).

Already in the Bavarian brewing regulations of 1539 and, subsequently in 1553, it was decreed by Albert V that only in the period from 29 September, the feast of St. Michael, to 23 April, the feast of Saint George, beer could be brewed.

However, in October 1553, the physician and theologian Michael Servetus was executed in Geneva for blasphemy and heresy – in particular his repudiation of the doctrine of the trinity.

With Michael Servetus ( 1511 – 1553 ) and Faustus Socinus ( 1539 – 1604 ) anti-Trinitarianism came to the foreground.

In 1553, Calvin's front man, Guillaume de Trie, sent letters trying to address the French Inquisition to Servetus.

Servetus was eventually arrested, judged, and burned at the stake in Geneva in 1553 when John Calvin was leading the Reformation there.

Only three copies of the book survived, the rest were burned shortly after its publication in 1553 because of persecution of Servetus by religious authorities.