* 1557 – Cuenca is founded in Ecuador.

* 1557 – Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.

* 1495 – Petrus Apianus, German mathematician ( d. 1557 )

* 1557 – Agostino Carracci, Italian painter ( d. 1602 )

Albert Alcibiades () ( 28 March 1522 – 8 January 1557 ) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, also known as Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

* 1557 – Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Habsburg-Valois Wars.

* 1557 – Petrus Apianus, German mathematician ( b. 1495 )

Agostino Carracci ( or Caracci ) ( 16 August 1557 – 22 March 1602 ) was an Italian painter and printmaker.

*** House of Bourbon – Condé branch ( 1557 – 1830 )

They were parents to a daughter, Louise Borgia, Duchess of Valentinois, ( 1500 – 1553 ) who first married Louis II de La Tremouille, Governor of Burgundy, and secondly Philippe de Bourbon ( 1499 – 1557 ), Seigneur de Busset.

* 1557 – Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia, Italian mathematician

* 1557 – Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1619 )

* 1494 – Bona Sforza, queen of Poland ( d. 1557 )

* Ferrante Gonzaga ( 28 January 1507 – 15 November 1557 ), a condottiero ; married Isabella di Capua, by whom he had issue.

* 1497 – Emperor Go-Nara of Japan ( d. 1557 )

* 1608 – Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg ( b. 1557 )

* 1557 – King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually results in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again.

* 1514 – John Cheke, English scholar ( d. 1557 )

# George Albert ( 1555 – 1557 )

* 1554 – 1557: Mohammed el-Cheikh

* 1557 – 1574: Abdallah el-Ghalib

* 1602 – Agostino Carracci, Italian artist ( b. 1557 )

George Frederick reigned in his native Ansbach, Franconia and Jägerndorf, Upper Silesia since 1556 and, after the death of his cousin Albert Alcibiades in 1557, also in Kulmbach.

* January 29 – Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg ( b. 1557 )

Christopher's son Louis, the founder of the Collegium illustre in Tübingen, died childless in 1593 and a kinsman, Frederick I ( 1557 – 1608 ) succeeded to the duchy.

* Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg ( 1557 – 1608 )

From 1557 the town was rebuilt under the new margrave, George Frederick.

* Frederick VIII ( 1557 – 1579 )

The culmination of Islamic dominance in the region occurred in 1557 when an Ottoman invasion during the time of Suleiman I and under Özdemir Pasha ( who had declared the province of Habesh in 1555 ) took the port city of Massawa and the adjacent city of Arqiqo, even taking Debarwa, then capital of the local ruler Bahr negus Yeshaq ( ruler of Midri Bahri ).

* 1557 – Bona Sforza, Queen of Sigismund I of Poland ( b. 1494 )

* Robert Rochester ( c. 1494 – 1557 ), English Roman Catholic and employee of Queen Mary I

***** daughter Bona ( 1494 – 1557 ), second wife of King Sigismund I of Poland

* January 6 – Tsar Feodor I of Russia ( b. 1557 )

* July 13 – Balthasar Gérard, French assassin of William I of Orange ( b. 1557 )

* February 2 – Bona Sforza, queen of Sigismund I of Poland ( d. 1557 )

It is generally agreed that the first reference to " lutefisk " is in a letter by Swedish king Gustav I in 1540, and what seems to be a description of the preparation process in the Swedish archbishop Olaus Magnus's ( 1490 – 1557 ) personal writings from 1555.

Fyodor ( Theodore ) I Ivanovich ( or Feodor I Ioannovich ; 31 May 1557 – 16 / 17 January ( NS ) 1598 ) was the last Rurikid Tsar of Russia ( 1584 – 1598 ), son of Ivan IV ( The Terrible ) and Anastasia Romanovna.

** Irina Godunova ( 1557 – 1603 ), wife of Feodor I of Russia, who adopted the name Alexandra when she tooked the monastic vow

Balthasar Gérard ( alternative spellings Gerards or Gerardts ; c. 1557 – 14 July 1584 ) was the assassin of the Dutch independence leader, William I of Orange ( William the Silent ).

Syon was among the few religious houses restored in Queen Mary I ’ s reign ( 1553 – 1558 ), when nearly twenty members of the old community were re-established there in 1557.

Friedrich I of Württemberg ( 19 August 1557, Montbéliard – 29 January 1608, Stuttgart ) was the son of George of Mömpelgard and his wife Barbara of Hesse, daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse.

* Abd al-Qadir I 1550 / 1 ( AH 957 )- 1557 / 8 ( AH 965 )

The school was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1557.

The mint ceased to operate in the reign of Mary I and Suffolk Place was demolished in 1557.