* 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

* 1503 – Christian III of Denmark ( d. 1559 )

* Alfonso II d ' Este ( 1533 – 1597 ), duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597

* 1559 – The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.

The conservative nature of these changes underlines the fact that Protestantism was by no means universally popular – a fact that the queen herself recognized: her revived Act of Supremacy, giving her the ambiguous title of Supreme Governor passed without difficulty, but the Act of Uniformity 1559 giving statutory force to the Prayer Book, passed through the House of Lords by only three votes.

** Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

** Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

* Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

* Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

This legend is found in two sources, Hans Svaning's History of King Hans from 1558 – 1559 and Johan Rantzau's History about the Last Dithmarschen War, from 1569.

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* 1559 – Isaac Casaubon, French classical scholar ( d. 1614 )

First ( 1559 ) he married Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin ( 29 August 1540 – 8 March 1578 ).

* Rice, Eugene F. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460 – 1559 ( 2nd ed.

The eventual Reformation of the Scottish Church followed a brief civil war in 1559 – 60, in which English intervention on the Protestant side was decisive.

** Henry II, 1547 – 1559

** Francis II, 1559 – 1560

France engaged in the long Italian Wars ( 1494 – 1559 ), which marked the beginning of early modern France.

Image: Kano White-robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion. jpg | A White-Robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion, by Kanō Motonobu ( 1476 – 1559 ), Japanese

Diana and Actaeon ( Titian ) | Diana and Actaeon, Titian, 1556 – 1559, a classic history painting, showing a dramatic moment in a mythological story, with elements of figure painting, landscape painting and still-life.

* 1559 – Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

Works of Athenagoras, Aristotle, and Aeschylus appeared in 1557 ; Diodorus Siculus, 1559 ; Xenophon, 1561 ; Sextus Empiricus, 1562 ; Thucydides, 1564 ; Herodotus, both 1566 and 1581 ; and Sophocles, in 1568.

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Similarly, the localities of Santo António ( Norte Grande ), and in 1559 Manadas were first recognized as a major settlements in the municipality ; both centers would become religious parishes in 1543 and 1568 respectively.

He was married four times: to Elżbieta Radziwiłł from about 1559 ; to Hanna Zasławska from 1565 to 1568 ; to Anna Maciejowska ( no exact dates ); and to Jadwiga Tarło from 1574 or 1575.

He moved to Germany, where he was one of the main Catholic theologians at the Colloquy of Worms in 1557, and later served as the main preacher in the cathedral of Augsburg from 1559 to 1568, where he strongly witnessed to his faith on three or four occasions each week.

1559 ( m. Brief dans Vs. an die Königin ); 2 chansons spirituelles à quatre voix dans Le 1er livre de chansons spirituelles, mises en musique par divers autheurs et excellens musiciens, Lyon 1561, Straton, Lyon 2 / 1568, B. Rigaud.

It was during his administration ( 1559 – 1568 ) that the tower received its present shape and structure.

In 1559, Bess married a third time, to Sir William St. Loe ( St Lowe, Saintlowe, or Sentloe ), and became Lady St Loe.

He took, in fact, an active part in the rising of 1559 and was commissioned by the Congregation to solicit the help of the English government through Sir Ralph Sadleir at Berwick.

* Sir Randolph Crewe ( 1559 – 1646 ), Lord Chief Justice, was born in Nantwich.

The vogue for the pastoral romance spread throughout Europe producing such notable works as Bernardim Ribeiro " Menina e Moça " ( 1554 ) in Portuguese, Montemayor's Diana ( 1559 ) in Spain, Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia ( 1590 ) in England, and Honoré d ' Urfé's Astrée ( 1607 – 27 ) in France.

After John was beheaded, the Crown owned the estate until it was acquired in 1559 by Sir Arthur Champernowne, Vice-Admiral of the West under Elizabeth I.

* Sir Richard Southwell 1554 – 1559

He was the third son of Sir Bernard Grenville ( 1559 – 1636 ), and a grandson of the famous seaman, Sir Richard Grenville.

In 1562, the title passed to Matthew's youngest son Hugh O ' Neill who had been taken to safety in the Pale by Sir Henry Sidney in 1559, stayed at the English court and was protected there while Shane established his supremacy in Ulster.

Sir Anthony St Leger or Sellenger ( c. 1496 – 16 March 1559 ) of Ulcombe and Leeds Castle, Kent, was an English politician and Lord Deputy of Ireland during the Tudor period.

He was great-grandson of Sir Edward Osborne, Lord Mayor of London, who, according to the accepted account, while apprentice to Sir William Hewett, clothworker and lord mayor in 1559, made the fortunes of the family by leaping from London Bridge into the river and rescuing Anne ( d. 1585 ), the daughter of his employer, whom he afterwards married.

Sir Richard Maitland of Lethington wrote in his History of the House of Seytoune to the Year 1559, that Sir William Seton, "... was the " First creatit and made Lord of Parliament in Scotland, and he and his posteritie to have ane voit yairin and be callit Lords " by King Robert II, where there were no Lords of Parliament before that time.

* Sir George Shirley, 1st Baronet ( 1559 – 1622 )

The title Baron Gerard, of Gerards Bromley, was created in the Peerage of England on 21 July 1603 for Sir Thomas Gerard ( d. 1617 ), son of Sir Gilbert Gerard ( d. 1593 ) Attorney General between 1559 and 1581 and Master of the Rolls in 1581, who acquired estates at Gerards Bromley and Hilderstone, Staffordshire.

In 1559 the executors of Sir John Port's will purchased from the Thacker family, for £ 37. 10s (£ 37. 50 ), the land which had once housed a twelfth-century Augustinian Priory, and the accompanying buildings which had survived Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries and subsequent upheavals, namely, the Guest Chamber and Prior's Lodging ( which as the Old Priory currently houses the School Library and Common Room ), Overton's Tower ( now part of School House ), the Tithe Barn, and the Arch, which is all that now remains of the priory's original gatehouse and which helped inspire the School's motto: porta vacat culpa.

His children were his son Charles ( 1516 – 1544 ), a daughter Gertrude, and another daughter Catherine ( died 25 Feb. 1559 ), 1st wife of Sir Maurice Berkeley ( d. 1581 ) of Bruton.

Sir William Hewet, Lord Mayor of London in 1559, was born in Wales, and his descendants, the Dukes of Leeds, would come to dominate the area.

It was the first Irish Monastery to be dissolved when Sir Gerald Aylmer of nearby Lyons ( d. 1559 ) petitioned Henry VIII.

The monument to John's great great grandson, Sir William Wroughton ( died 1559 ), is early Elizabethan, canopied, and shows influence of the previous Perpendicular Gothic style.

* 1558 – 1559: Sir Thomas Parry

* Maitland, Richard, The History of the House of Seytoun to 1559 by Sir Richard Maitland of Lethington contiuned by Alexnder Viscount Kingston, Maitland Club ( 1829 )