* 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

* 1503 – Christian III of Denmark ( d. 1559 )

* Alfonso II d ' Este ( 1533 – 1597 ), duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597

* 1559 – The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.

The conservative nature of these changes underlines the fact that Protestantism was by no means universally popular – a fact that the queen herself recognized: her revived Act of Supremacy, giving her the ambiguous title of Supreme Governor passed without difficulty, but the Act of Uniformity 1559 giving statutory force to the Prayer Book, passed through the House of Lords by only three votes.

** Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

** Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

* Henry II ( 1547 – 1559 )

* Francis II ( 1559 – 1560 )

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

This legend is found in two sources, Hans Svaning's History of King Hans from 1558 – 1559 and Johan Rantzau's History about the Last Dithmarschen War, from 1569.

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* 1559 – Isaac Casaubon, French classical scholar ( d. 1614 )

First ( 1559 ) he married Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin ( 29 August 1540 – 8 March 1578 ).

* Rice, Eugene F. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460 – 1559 ( 2nd ed.

The eventual Reformation of the Scottish Church followed a brief civil war in 1559 – 60, in which English intervention on the Protestant side was decisive.

** Henry II, 1547 – 1559

** Francis II, 1559 – 1560

France engaged in the long Italian Wars ( 1494 – 1559 ), which marked the beginning of early modern France.

Image: Kano White-robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion. jpg | A White-Robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion, by Kanō Motonobu ( 1476 – 1559 ), Japanese

Diana and Actaeon ( Titian ) | Diana and Actaeon, Titian, 1556 – 1559, a classic history painting, showing a dramatic moment in a mythological story, with elements of figure painting, landscape painting and still-life.

* 1559 – Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

However, when John Knox returned to Scotland in 1559, he continued to use the Form of Prayer he had created for the English exiles in Geneva, and in 1564, this supplanted the Book of Common Prayer under the title of the Book of Common Order.

Both the 16th Earl and the Countess of Oxford had established court connections: John accompanying Princess Elizabeth from house arrest at Hatfield to the throne, and Margery being appointed a Maid of Honor in 1559.

In 1559 John Knox returned from ministering in Geneva to lead the Calvinism | Calvinist reformation in Scotland

* May 29 – John Penry, Welsh Protestant martyr ( b. 1559 )

** John Overall, English bishop ( b. 1559 )

" He was also a history enthusiast, and in 1559 suggested to the tailor John Stow to become a chronicler ( as Stow recalled in 1604 ).

The Scottish Reformation also played a big role in the town with the sacking of the Houses of the Greyfriars and Blackfriars, after a sermon given by John Knox in St John's Kirk in 1559.

She was buried at the Carthusian Priory of St John in Perth ( demolished during the Reformation, 1559 ).

* John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury ( 1559 to 1571 )

Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers ; the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest ; and the followers of Huldrych Zwingli were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

* John Williams, 1st Baron Williams of Thame ( 1500 – 1559 ), Lord Chamberlain

In 1559, John Knox returned from ministering in Geneva to lead the Reformation in Scotland.

In England Frisius's method was included in the growing number of books on surveying which appeared from the middle of the century onwards, including William Cunningham's Cosmographical Glasse ( 1559 ), Valentine Leigh's Treatise of Measuring All Kinds of Lands ( 1562 ), William Bourne's Rules of Navigation ( 1571 ), Thomas Digges's Geometrical Practise named Pantometria ( 1571 ), and John Norden's Surveyor's Dialogue ( 1607 ).

** John Spenser, editor and translator ( born 1559 )

After John was beheaded, the Crown owned the estate until it was acquired in 1559 by Sir Arthur Champernowne, Vice-Admiral of the West under Elizabeth I.

In 1559 John became an affeeror, an officer responsible for assessing fines for offenses carrying penalties not explicitly defined by existing statutes.

By 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers, the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest, or those followers of Huldrych Zwingli, were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin, as a theological seminary and law school.

* 1559 John Plunket

* Isabella Jagiellon ( 18 January 1519 – 15 September 1559 ), wife and widow of King John I of Hungary.

The title page from the 1559 edition of John Calvin's Institutio Christianae Religionis

* John Hall ( Scotland ) ( c. 1559 – 1627 ), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

In 1559 the executors of Sir John Port's will purchased from the Thacker family, for £ 37. 10s (£ 37. 50 ), the land which had once housed a twelfth-century Augustinian Priory, and the accompanying buildings which had survived Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries and subsequent upheavals, namely, the Guest Chamber and Prior's Lodging ( which as the Old Priory currently houses the School Library and Common Room ), Overton's Tower ( now part of School House ), the Tithe Barn, and the Arch, which is all that now remains of the priory's original gatehouse and which helped inspire the School's motto: porta vacat culpa.

* John Spenser or Spencer ( 1559 – 1614 ), one of the translators of the authorized version ( 1611 ) of the Bible and president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford