* 1566 – Isabella Clara Eugenia Spanish wife of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria ( d. 1633 )

* 1486 – Sigismund von Herberstein, Austrian diplomat and historian ( d. 1566 )

German physician Leonhart Fuchs ( 1501 – 1566 ) was one of " the three German fathers of botany ", along with Otto Brunfels ( 1489 – 1534 ) and Hieronymus Bock ( 1498 – 1554 ) ( also called Hieronymus Tragus ).

Pius V ( pope 1566 – 1572 ), however, while sanctioning those which could show at least 200 years of existence, made the Roman obligatory in all other places.

* 1633 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain ( b. 1566 )

* 1566 – Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer ( d. 1650 )

* 1566 – Edward Wightman, English Baptist preacher ( d. 1612 )

* 1503 – Nostradamus, French astrologer ( d. 1566 )

During the next decade, Palestrina held positions similar to his Julian Chapel appointment at other chapels and churches in Rome, notably St John Lateran, ( 1555 – 1560 – a post previously held by Lassus ) and Sta Maria Maggiore ( 1561 – 1566 ).

* 1501 – Leonhart Fuchs, German physician and botanist ( d. 1566 )

Johannes Agricola ( originally Schneider, then Schnitter ) ( April 20, 1494 – September 22, 1566 ) was a German Protestant reformer and humanist.

* King James I of England ( 1566 – 1625 ), also king of Scotland as James VI

The second half of the century saw no composers equal in stature, but in the early 17th century Johannes Hieronymus Kapsberger ( c. 1580 – 1651 ) and Alessandro Piccinini ( 1566 – 1638 ) revolutionized the instrument's technique and Kapsberger, possibly, influenced the keyboard music of Frescobaldi.

* 1566 – Mehmed III, Ottoman Emperor ( d. 1603 )

Born in Bozdağan or Manisa, Murad III was the eldest son of sultan Selim II ( 1566 – 74 ), and succeeded his father in 1574.

Mehmed III Adli ( Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثالث Meḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >, Turkish: III. Mehmet ; < span dir =" ltr "> May 26, 1566 – December 21 / 22, 1603 )</ span > was sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death.

* 1566 – Don Carlo Gesualdo, Italian composer ( d. 1613 )

* 1566 – David Rizzio, private secretary to Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.

* 1625 – King James I of England and Ireland, James VI of Scotland ( b. 1566 )

In 1566 William of Orange, a convert to Calvinism and the father of his people, started the Eighty Years ' War to liberate the Dutch from the Catholic Spaniards and the brutality of the Duke of Alba.

After the religious revolts of 1566 in the Netherlands, Artois briefly entered the Dutch Revolt in 1576, participating in the Pacification of Ghent until it formed the Union of Atrecht in 1579.

The Dutch term specifically refers to the wave of disorderly attacks in the summer of 1566 that spread rapidly through the Low Countries from south to north, but similar outbreaks of iconoclasm took place in other parts of Europe, especially in Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire in the period between 1522 and 1566, notably Zürich ( in 1523 ), Copenhagen ( 1530 ), Münster ( 1534 ), Geneva ( 1535 ), and Augsburg ( 1537 ).

A passage in Guicciardini fired his fancy, and straightaway he wrote a series of vignettes set during the Dutch Revolt, with the title In't Wonderjaar 1566 ( published Ghent, 1837 ).

Its popularity ensured it was republished in five Latin editions within ten years, with translations into Italian ( 1560 ), French, ( 1565 ) and Dutch ( 1566 ) printed.

* Abraham Bloemaert ( Dutch, 1566 – 1651 )

* Joachim Wtewael ( Dutch, 1566 – 1638 )

Geuzen ( French: Les Gueux, English: the Beggars ) was a name assumed by the confederacy of Calvinist Dutch nobles and other malcontents, who from 1566 opposed Spanish rule in the Netherlands.

For the Protestant congregations, Jan Utenhove printed a volume of Psalms in 1566 and made the first attempt at a New Testament translation in Dutch.

The end of the period is disputed: many scholars extend it to the death of Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1569, or the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1566 or 1568, or to the start of the 17th century.

In 1566, erupted the Dutch revolt and the Dutch Republic which included the large Eighty Years ’ War and the invasion and looting of the colonies in America and Asia, and the attempted even of invasion of the Philippines.

The Dutch Revolt, or Eighty Years ' War ( 1566 – 1648 ), was the revolt of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands against the Spanish ( Habsburg ) Empire.

During the Dutch Revolt ( 1566 – 1609 ) against the Habsburg empire, both the Spanish and Dutch ( including those who remained loyal to the Habsburgs ) employed galleys in amphibious operations in shallow waters where deep-draft sailing vessels could not enter.

Also in 1566 William the Silent, a convert to Calvinism, started the Eighty Years ' War to liberate the Calvinist Dutch from the Catholic Spaniards.

) – Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom, Dutch painter ( born 1566 ), father of reverse-named painter Cornelis Hendriksz Vroom ( 1591-1661 )

In addition to the 1566 manifesto, Coornhert wrote a treatise against the capital punishment of heretics, a pamphlet defending the rebellion of the United Provinces, a preface to the Dutch grammar published by the Society of Rhetoricians of Amsterdam, and a number of poems, including, according to some, the popular song, Wilhelmus van Nassouwe.

Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine.

The Unitarian Church in Transylvania was first recognized by the Edict of Torda, issued by the Transylvanian Diet under Prince John II Sigismund Zápolya ( January 1568 ), and was first led by Ferenc Dávid ( a former Calvinist bishop, who had begun preaching the new doctrine in 1566 ).

The first Act of Parliament was obtained by the City of Canterbury, in 1515, to extend navigation on the River Stour in Kent, followed by the River Exe in 1539, which led to the construction in 1566 of a new channel, the Exeter Canal.

In 1566, from August 5 to September 7, his small force ( 2, 300 soldiers ) heroically defended the little fortress of Szigetvár against the whole Ottoman host ( 102, 000 soldiers ), led by Suleiman the Magnificent in person.

In 1566 the Spanish, led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded a settlement named Santa Elena which became the capital of La Florida for the next decade.

In 1566 Turkish Ottoman naval forces, led by Piyale Pasha, destroyed much of the city by fire, including the Castello Caldoresco, the Church of Santa Margherita and the Palazzo d ' Avalos ( formerly a home of Vittoria Colonna-close confidante of Michelangelo-now the Musei di Palazzo d ' Avalos ).

He returned to the printing trade, although that had been his immediate reaction in 1566 when he led the nonconformists in a bout of literary warfare.

The fact that people used river as a main element of urban life led to construction of Stari most in 1566 in Mostar in Herzegovina.