During the period of the Iberian Union ( 1580 – 1640 ), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies.

* 1580 – Alonso Mudarra, Spanish composer

* 1580 – Battle of Alcântara.

* 1580 – Thomas Middleton, English dramatist ( d. 1627 )

# Albert Frederick of Prussia ( 1 June – 8 October 1580 ).

File: Indischer Maler um 1615 ( I ) 001. jpg | Portrait of Ibrâhîm ' Âdil Shâh II ( 1580 – 1626 ), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD

*** House of Aviz ( 1385 – 1580 ) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

* 1580 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( b. 1509 )

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* Daniel Heinsius, scholar of the Dutch Renaissance ( 1580 – 1655 )

* Snellius ( Willebrord Snel van Royen ) 1580 – 1626, Leiden ( Netherlands )

A map of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires in the period of Iberian Union under the personal union of the Spanish monarchs ( 1580 – 1640 ).

* Kings of Portugal ( 1580 – 1640 ),

After returning, Alafin Orompoto ( c. 1560 – 1580 ) built up an army based on heavily armed cavalry and long-service troops.

* John Young ( Regius Professor ) ( 1514 – 1580 ), English Catholic clergyman and academic

* 1580 – King Henry of Portugal ( b. 1512 )

* 1509 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Johann Stobäus, German composer ( d. 1646 )

* 1528 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.

* 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.

* 1580 – ( baptised ) John Smith of Jamestown ( d. 1631 )

In his famous essay " Of Cannibals " ( 1580 ), Michel de Montaigne, himself a Catholic, reported that the Tupinambá people of Brazil ceremoniously eat the bodies of their dead enemies as a matter of honor, but he reminded his readers that Europeans behave even more barbarously when they burn each other alive for disagreeing about religion ( he implies ): " One calls ' barbarism ' whatever he is not accustomed to.

One of the closest dynastic claimants was King Philip II of Spain who, in November 1580, sent the Duke of Alba to claim Portugal by force.

* Frans Hals ( Dutch, 1580 – 1666 ) One of the greatest post Renaissance portraits

One of Herrera's most famous works, Obras de Garci Lasso con anotaciones de Fernando de Herrera al ilustrissimo i ecelentissimo Señor don Antonio de Guzman, Marques de Ayamonte, Governador del Estado de Milan, i Capitan General de Italia ( Works of Gracilaso de la Vega with Comments by Fernando de Herrera to the Most Illustrious and Excellent Don Antonio de Guzman, Marques of Ayamonte, Governor of the State of Milan, and Captain General of Italy ), written in 1580, displays not only Herrera's admiration for Garcilaso's poetry but also his mastery of the intricate details of said poet's rhythm, choice and order of words, coherency, meter, and the effects they have on the poem as a whole.

From the time beginning with the incorporation of the Portuguese Empire in 1580 ( lost in 1640 ) until the loss of its American colonies in the 19th century, Spain maintained the largest empire in the world even though it suffered fluctuating military and economic fortunes from the 1640s.

The site was abandoned in 1541, but re-established in 1580 by Juan de Garay with the name Ciudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa María del Buen Ayre, and the city became one of the largest in the Americas.

On the evening of April 28, 1580 ( and during the following day ), the ground would begin a series of about 80 earthquakes, that would cease abruptly.

Periods of local prosperity or misery occurred in the following years ; there were several bad growing seasons and natural catastrophes ( such as the earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tornados in 1580, 1757, 1808 and 1899 ) that created famines and hardships.

Other calamities have affected the early inhabitants: several dry seasons, numerous earthquakes and volcanic eruptions ( 1580 – 1757, 1808 and 1980 ), and on July 21, 1694 there occurred another tragic conflict that would later be known as the Motim dos Inhames (" The Taro Revolt ").

* The first influenza pandemic was recorded in 1580 and since then influenza pandemics occurred every 10 to 30 years.

The word was derived from the French word embarrasser, " to block " or " to obstruct ", or figuratively, " to put one in a difficult situation ".< sup > 6 </ sup > whose first recorded usage was by Michel de Montaigne in 1580.

The word was derived from the French word embarrasser, " to block ," or " obstruct ",< sup > 1 </ sup > whose first recorded usage was by Michel de Montaigne in 1580.

Cheshire cheese is one of the oldest recorded named cheeses in British history: it is first mentioned, along with Shropshire, by Thomas Muffet in Health's Improvement ( c. 1580 ).

( Iroquois oral tradition, as recorded in the Jesuit Relations, speaks of a draining war between the Mohawk Iroquois and an alliance of the Susquehannock and Algonquin sometime between 1580 and 1600.

It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580.

Eruptions in more recent times, which have been recorded consist of those in 1535, December 1580, July 1616, 1641, 1670, 1754, November 1796, June 1823, October 1828, 1834, October 1865, July 1889, 1891, December 1923, October 1924, October 1932, February 1936, July 1947, January 1950, 1974, February 1989, January 1990, January 1993, March 2000, June 2002, July 2004, November 2005, and October 2007.

Name Topola was first recorded in 1543, while according to the Ottoman defters from 1580, 1582, and 1590, it was mentioned as a village, whose population numbered between 21 and 23 houses.

Evelyn K. Wells, however, in the liner notes to the LP Brave Boys ; New England traditions in folk music ( New World Records 239, 1977 ), suggests that the original may have been satirically altered in 1580 when it was recorded in the register of the London Company of Stationers, as this would have been at the height of the unpopular courtship.

The first official rules of Calcio Fiorentino ( Florentine kick ) were recorded in 1580, although the game had been developing around Florence for some time before that date.