During the period of the Iberian Union ( 1580 – 1640 ), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies.

* 1584 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician ( d. 1640 )

* 1640 – Amalia Catharina, German poet and composer ( d. 1697 )

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

In 1635 – 38, Pietro Boncompagni commissioned from Algardi a colossal statue of Philip Neri with kneeling angels for Santa Maria in Vallicella, completed in 1640.

* 1695 – John Trenchard, English statesman ( b. 1640 )

* 1719 – Philippe de la Hire, French mathematician and historian ( b. 1640 )

* Yoel Sirkis ( 1561 – 1640 ), Polish posek and halakhist, known as " the Bach "

Barcelona had always been the stronghold of Catalan separatism and was the center of the Catalan Revolt ( 1640 – 52 ) against Philip IV of Spain.

** João IV ( 1640 – 1656 )

* Federico Colonna y Tomacelli, Prince of Butera, ( 1601-1641 ) Viceroy of Valencia, in Spain, 1640 – 1641, Viceroy of Catalonia, 1641.

* 1721 – Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough, English statesman ( b. 1640 )

* 1640 – Claude Fleury, French historian ( d. 1723 )

* 1578 – Agostino Agazzari, Italian composer and music theorist ( d. 1640 )

* 1640 – End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 60 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the House of Habsburg ( also called the Philippine Dynasty ).

* 1640 – Miguel de Vasconcelos, last Secretary of State of the Kingdom of Portugal, during the Iberian Union ( b. c. 1590 )

The city had a population of 21, 000 in 1640 before a plague in 1649 – 51 wiped out almost half of the city's inhabitants.

* 1640 – John Francis Regis, French saint ( b. 1597 )

* 1640 – ( baptism date ) – Aphra Behn, English playwright and novelist ( d. 1689 )

* 1640 – Robert Plot, English naturalist ( d. 1696 )

* 1716 – Charles de La Fosse, French painter ( b. 1640 )

* 1595 – Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, Polish author and Latin Poet ( d. 1640 )

* 1640 BC — The Middle Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt and the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt starts.

The Battle of Newburn was fought on 28 August 1640 during the Second Bishops ' War between a Scottish Covenanter army led by General Alexander Leslie and English royalist forces commanded by Edward, Lord Conway.

In 1640, with Wentworth having been recalled to attend to the Second Bishops ' War in England, Ormonde was made commander-in-chief of the forces in Ireland.

# REDIRECT Bishops ' Wars # Second Bishops ' War ( 1640 )

The Wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640, the Scottish Civil War of 1644 – 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Confederate Ireland, 1642 – 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven years war or Irish Confederate Wars ); and the First, Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 – 46, 1648 – 49 and 1650 – 51.

* 1640: The Second Bishops ' War or " Second War of the Covenant " breaks out in August.

The Treaty of Ripon was an agreement signed by Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Scottish Covenanters on 26 October 1640, in the aftermath of the Second Bishops ' War.

In 1640 during the Second Bishops ’ War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle.

The fear that Strafford instilled in the Irish through the policy of " Thorough " can be demonstrated when looking at the ease in which Strafford extracted subsidies from the Irish Parliament as the Second Bishops War approached during 1640.

* Second Bishops ' Wars ( 1640 ), part of the Bishops ' Wars

While Spain was fighting in France, Portugal — which had been under personal union with Spain for 60 years — acclaimed John IV of Braganza as king in 1640, and the House of Braganza became the new dynasty of Portugal ( see Portuguese Restoration War, for further information ).

Because of this, as well as the general strain on the finances of the Spanish throne as a result of the Thirty Years War, on 1 December 1640, the Duke of Braganza, one of the great native noblemen and a descendant of King Manuel I, was proclaimed king as John IV, and a war of independence against Spain was launched.

Frederick William ( r. 1640 – 1688 ), known as the Great Elector, used the uncertainties of the final stages of the Thirty Years ' War to consolidate his territories into the dominant kingdom in northern Germany, whilst increasing his power over his subjects.

As in the play, Bergerac did fight at the siege of Arras ( 1640 ), a battle of the Thirty Years ' War between French and Spanish forces in France ( though this was not the more famous final Battle of Arras, fought fourteen years later ).

According to Geoffrey Parker, " Between 1618 and 1640 some 40, 000 Scotsmen – perhaps 15 % of the total adult males in the kingdom – crossed to Europe to fight in the Thirty Years ' War.

Early settlement attempts by the Dutch included Pavonia ( 1633 ), Vriessendael ( 1640 ) and Achter Col ( 1642 ) but the Native Americans repelled these settlements in Kieft's War ( 1643 – 1645 ) and the Peach Tree War ( 1655 – 1660 ).

This was called the Bishops ' War ( 1639 – 1640 ) and it had two major parts: The first Bishops ' War ( 1639 ) ended in a truce.

During the Thirty Years ' War the House of Schaumburg had no male heir, and the county was divided into Schaumburg ( which became part of Hesse-Kassel ) and the County of Schaumburg-Lippe ( 1640 ).

The first of these is dated from Ghent ( 1640 ), whither he had fled to escape the troubles of the Civil War.

Richard Boyle was returned as Member of Parliament for Appleby in the Long Parliament of 1640, and appointed a member of the Privy Council of England, but was subsequently excluded for his Royalist sympathies after the outbreak of the English Civil War.

The song is based on the events of 1640 known as Corpus de Sang during the war of 30 years ( 1618-1648 ) Between Spain, England, France and Austria, the event that started the Catalan Revolt or Guerra dels Segadors ( Reapers ' War ) where Catalans fought against the Count-Duke of Olivares, the chief minister of King Philip IV of Spain.

Early settlement ( including today's Bergen and Hudson counties ), by the Dutch included Pavonia ( 1633 ), Vriessendael ( 1640 ) and Achter Col ( 1642 ) These settlements were compromised in Kieft's War ( 1643 – 1645 ) and the Peach Tree War ( 1655 – 1660 ).

During the 1640s, Habsburg Spain was faced with a long series of disastrous conflicts: the revolt of the Netherlands ( 1568 – 1648 ), the Thirty Years War ( 1618 – 1648 ), the Revolt of Catalonia ( 1640 – 1659 ), and the secession of Portugal ( 1640 – 1668 ).

During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell took possession of the estate for the sum of five shillings in 1640.

Indeed, Portugal would use it again against its neighbours in 1640, to expel the Spanish Habsburg kings from the country, and again during the Peninsular War.

By 1640 the church had fallen into disrepair and at the end of the English Civil War remaining were only bare walls of timber-framed construction which mainly dates to the 15th century although some evidence of the earlier chapel also remains to this day.

He was elected to both Parliaments in 1640, where he opposed ship money, Laudian ecclesiastical innovations and the Scottish War.

However, the vitality of the community was severely disrupted in December 1640 when the town of Cambrils was the site of one of the episodes of the Guerra dels Segadors ( War of the Reapers ) that brought Catalonia into conflict with King Philip IV of Spain.