* 1646 – Godfrey Kneller, German painter ( d. 1723 )

* 1646 – Jules Hardouin Mansart, French architect ( d. 1708 )

* 1646 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer ( d. 1719 )

Algardi's large dramatic marble high-relief panel of Pope Leo and Attila ( 1646 – 53 ) for St Peter's Basilica was widely admired in his day, and reinvigorated the use of such marble reliefs.

* 1720 – Antoine Hamilton, French writer ( b. 1646 )

* 1646 – Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia ( d. 1709 )

From the time of John Flamsteed ( 1646 – 1719 ) it had been believed that the Earth's daily rotation was uniform.

* 1709 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun ( b. 1646 )

* 1646 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun ( d. 1709 )

Triumph of Faith over Idolatry by Jean-Baptiste Théodon ( 1646 – 1713 )

* 1573 – Elias Holl, German Architect ( d. 1646 )

Bacon's ideas were influential in the 1630s and 1650s among scholars, in particular Sir Thomas Browne, who in his encyclopaedia Pseudodoxia Epidemica ( 1646 – 1672 ) frequently adheres to a Baconian approach to his scientific enquiries.

* 1646 – Gottfried Leibniz, German mathematician ( d. 1716 )

* 1591 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general ( d. 1646 )

* 1580 – Johann Stobäus, German composer ( d. 1646 )

* 1586 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman and art collector ( d. 1646 )

* 1607 – Isaac Jogues, French missionary ( d. 1646 )

But the inadequacy of Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 1648 ) and the minority accession of Mehmed IV in 1646 created a significant crisis of rule, which the dominant women of the Imperial Harem filled.

Clement was buried in St. Peter's Basilica, and later Pope Paul V ( 1605 – 21 ) had a mausoleum built for him in the Borghese Chapel of Santa Maria Maggiore, where the remains were transferred in 1646.

* 1588 – Henry II, Prince of Condé ( d. 1646 )

In about 1644 Pepys attended Huntingdon Grammar School, before being educated at St Paul's School, London, c. 1646 – 1650.

The second system comes from the English astronomer John Flamsteed's ( 1646 – 1719 ) Historia coelestis Britannica.

Gottfried Leibniz ( 1646 – 1716 ), building on Pascal's work, became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators ; he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel, used in the arithmometer, the first mass-produced mechanical calculator.

On 21 March 1646, the Royalists, commanded by Sir Jacob Astley, were defeated at the Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold, with hundreds of prisoners being confined for some time in St. Edwards.

The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the First English Civil War of 1642 – 1646.

* Battle of Torrington, fought in 1646 during the English Civil War

In the Battle of Torrington ( 1646 ), the Parliamentarians, led by Sir Thomas Fairfax, swept into the town and defeated Lord Hopton's forces.

On 5 June 1646 O ' Neill utterly routed Monro at the Battle of Benburb, on the Blackwater killing or capturing up to 3000 Scots.

After taking part in the Battle of Kilsyth on the covenanter side, he was sent by the Scottish Estates of the Realm to treat with Charles I at Newcastle in 1646, when he sought in vain to persuade the king to consent to the establishment of Presbyterianism in England.

He was again a prisoner after the Battle of Philiphaugh and was sentenced to death in 1646, but he escaped from his captivity at St. Andrews and was afterwards pardoned.

It is said there are bullet holes in the timbers, caused by soldiers who camped in the church in 1646 before the Battle of Langport.

In the winter of 1645-46 the town was used as a base by Thomas Fairfax and the New Model Army from where they marched on the Royalist forces gathering in North Devon, and to where they returned on 29 March 1646 after success both at the Battle of Torrington and in overturning the siege of Plymouth.

On 14 June 1646, Grand Admiral Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé was killed at the Battle of Orbetello, at sunset on his flag ship the Grand Saint Louis.

Dartmouth surrendered on 18 January 1646, Hopton was defeated at the Battle of Torrington on 16 February, and surrendered the remnant of his worthless army on 14 March.

Elsewhere, Hereford was taken on 17 December 1645, and the Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold, the last pitched battle of the war, was fought and lost by Lord Astley on 21 March 1646.

It is best known, in historical terms, for the Battle of Benburb that took place there in 1646.

The Battle of Benburb took place on 5 June 1646 during the Irish Confederate Wars, the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Hugh Dubh was captured early in the war by Scottish Covenanter enemies, but was exchanged back to his own side after the Confederate victory at the Battle of Benburb in 1646.

An interactive Civil War Experience, " Torrington 1646 ", marks the town's historically important role.

* Torrington 1646 Visitor Centre celebrates the town's role in the Civil War through exhibitions and talks by guides dressed in period costume and using the language of the age.

Torrington has a small local brewery called Clearwater Brewery with its popular " Cavalier " and " 1646 " brands.

Hopton was defeated at Torrington on 16 February 1646 and surrendered to Thomas Fairfax.