A modified version of this proposal was accepted by Cromwell and the Council of Officers and less than a month after the dissolution of the Rump, during May 1653, letters in the name of the Lord-General and the Army Council were sent to Congregational churches in every county in England to nominate those they considered fit to take part in the new government.

Frankfurt regularly served as the site of the election from the fifteenth century on, but elections were also held at Cologne ( 1531 ), Regensburg ( 1575 and 1636 ), and Augsburg ( 1653 and 1690 ).

The French Jansenists professed that the propositions condemned in 1653 were not in fact to be found in Augustinus, written by Cornelius Jansen.

Smit's 1653 expedition and a separate expedition of five ships were quite successful, but Smit's third found his two vessels captured for a loss of 32, 000 rigsdaler.

A common misconception is that they were so named because they were sold for the price of a guinea coin ; this hypothesis is untenable, because the guinea was first struck in England in 1663, and William Harvey used the term " Ginny-pig " as early as 1653.

This division of forces left Blake with only 42 men of war by November, while the Dutch were making every effort to reinforce their fleet, and this led to an English defeat by Tromp in the Battle of Dungeness in December but didn't save the English Mediterranean fleet, largely destroyed at the Battle of Leghorn in March 1653.

By February 1653 the English were ready to challenge the Dutch, and in the three-day Battle of Portland in March they drove them out of The Channel.

The Dutch were also victorious in March 1653 at the Battle of Leghorn near Italy and had gained effective control of both the Mediterranean and the English Channel.

They were also schooled in art through their parents art collection, but also their connection to the magnificent collection of paintings in the Antwerp house of diamond and jewellery dealer, Gaspar Duarte ( 1584 – 1653 ), who was a Portuguese Jewish exile.

The size of the county was drastically reduced in 1651 and 1653 as Lancaster and Westmoreland counties, respectively, were carved out of it.

In 1653 France was so exhausted that neither invaders nor defenders were able to gather supplies to enable them to take the field till July.

His titles were inherited by his only son, Christopher, Earl of Torrington ( 1653 – 1688 ), on whose death they became extinct.

During the Irish Confederate Wars ( 1641 – 1653 ), Galway took the side of the Confederate Catholics of Ireland, and as a result the Tribes were punished following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

On 2 June 1653 the Dutch attacked but were beaten back because the English employed line-of-battle tactics, making the Dutch pay a high price for attempting to board.

* 1653 ( Jōō 2, 12th day of the 8th month ): A violent fire destroyed a large part of the imperial palace and many temples which were nearby.

The earliest English poetical treatise on Angling by John Dennys, said to have been a fishing companion of Shakespeare, was published in 1613, The Secrets of Angling, of which 6 verses were quoted in the better known book Izaak Walton's Compleat Angler ( 1653 ), of which the latter two chapters were actually written by his friend Charles Cotton, and described the fishing in the Derbyshire Wye.

Such chambers were introduced in Brandenburg in 1652, in Cleves and Mark in 1653, in Pomerania in 1654, in Prussia in 1661 and in Magdeburg in 1680.

The countries that now make up the United Kingdom, together with the present Republic of Ireland, were briefly ruled as a republic in the 17th century, first under the Commonwealth consisting of the Rump Parliament and the Council of State, ( 1649 – 53 ) and then under the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653 – 58 ).

In 1653, Transylvanian Hungarian ruler George II Rákóczi signed an alliance with Poland, and the relations between the Commonwealth and Transilvania were friendly ; Poles had even offered their crown to him, under condition that he converts to Catholicism.

His lands, including Buckland, were confiscated by the Parliamentarians but were recovered in 1653 by the Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon and held until death in 1709.

His compositions, predominantly motets, collected under the titled Cultus harmonicus, were published by him in Vienna, Opus I in 1649, Opus Minus ( II ) in 1650 and Opus Maius ( III ) in 1653.

* 1653 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English soldier and politician ( d. 1688 )

* 1653 – Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Duke of Villars, French general, Marshal General of France ( d. 1734 )

Pitt was the grandson of Thomas Pitt ( 1653 – 1726 ), the governor of Madras known as " Diamond " Pitt because he had discovered and sold a diamond of extraordinary size to the Duke of Orléans for around £ 135, 000.

* October 6 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman ( b. 1653 )

** Teodósio, Prince of Brazil ( 1634 – 1653 ), 9th Duke of Braganza and 1st Prince of Brazil

* Eleonora Maria of Austria ( 21 May 1653 17 December 1697 ), who married first Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland, and then Charles Léopold, Duke of Lorraine.

* Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon ( 20 September 1652, Bordeaux-11 April 1653, Bordeaux ); died in infancy ;

* Prince George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland ( 1653 – 1708 ), husband of Queen Anne, died without surviving issue.

* Claude Louis Hector, Duke of Villars ( 1653 – 1734 ), Marshal of France in 1702, Marshal General of France in 1733

Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland (, 2 April 1653 – 28 October 1708 ) was the husband of Anne, Queen of Great Britain.

After the death of the last Pomeranian Duke in 1637 and by the Treaty of Westphalia the town became part of the Brandenburg-Prussian province of Pomerania following the Peace of Westphalia ( 1648 ) and the Treaty of Stettin ( 1653 ), along within the rest of Farther Pomerania.

After the death of the last Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw XIV in 1637, the end of the contemporary Thirty Years ' War in 1648 and the subsequent partition of the Duchy of Pomerania between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg-Prussia in the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin ( 1653 ), Brandenburg included Farther Pomerania with Rügenwalde in her Pomeranian province.

* Blessed Virgin Mary Church ( original German name: Marienkirche )-basilica built in gothic style in 1321, with sarcophagues of Dukes of Pomerania: Erik I, Elisabeth ( wife of last Duke of Pomerania Bogislaw XIV, died in 1653 ).

* Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle ( 1653 – 1688 ), only son of the 1st Duke, died childless.

* George of Denmark, 1st Earl of Kendal and Duke of Cumberland ( 1653 – 1708 )

* Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle ( 1653 – 1688 ), English statesman and failed soldier

Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, KG, PC ( 14 August 1653 – 6 October 1688 ) was an English soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1667 to 1670 when he inherited the Dukedom and sat in the House of Lords.

Philip William of Neuburg, Elector Palatine () ( 24 November 1615 – 2 September 1690 ) was Count Palatine of Neuburg from 1653 to 1690, Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1653 to 1679 and Elector of the Palatinate from 1685 to 1690.

He undertook a trip to Sweden in 1653, and in 1655 was sent by Oliver Cromwell on a mission to Italy to protest at actions taken against the Waldensians by the Duke of Savoy.

# Johann Weikhard ( 1653 – 77 ), Count of Auersperg, Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg

Frederick Louis of Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck ( 6 April 1653 – 7 March 1728 ) was born in Beck ( now part of Löhne, North Rhine-Westphalia ).

* Johann Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen ( 26 April 1607-28 June 1653 )