* 1661 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.

* 1661 – Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, English poet and statesman ( d. 1715 )

* 1661 – King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.

* 1613 – Christoph Bach, court musician, grandfather of Johann Sebastian Bach ( d. 1661 )

* 1661 – Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet, English soldier and politician ( b. 1604 )

Early collections of English ballads were made by Samuel Pepys ( 1633 – 1703 ) and in the Roxburghe Ballads collected by Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ( 1661 – 1724 ).

* Chymistry ( 1661 ) – the subject of the material principles of mixed bodies ( Boyle ).

* Charles V of Naples ( 1661 – 1700 ), better known as Charles II of Spain

1659 – 1661 to 24 April 1731 ),

View of Delft ( Vermeer ) | View of Delft by Johannes Vermeer, 1660 – 1661

* 1661 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, English statesman ( d. 1724 )

Early sources: river Ilfing ( 890 ), Castrum de Elbingo quod a nomine fluminis Elbingum appellavit ( 1237 — Peter of Dusburg, Chronicon terrae Prussiae ), in Elbingo ( 1239 ), in Elbing ( 1242 ), in Elbinge ... fluvium Elbinc ( 1246, city charter ), de Elbingo ( 1250 ), in Elbyngo ( 1258 ), vitra Elbingum ( 1263 ), Elvingo ( 1293 ), in Elbingo ( 1300 ), in Elvingo ( 1389 ), czum Elbinge ( 1392 ), czu Elbing ( 1403 ), Elwing ( 1410 ), czum Elwinge ( 1412 ), Elbing ( 1414 – 1438 ), Elbyang ( before 1454 ), Elbing ( 1508 ), ku Elbiągowi ( 1634 ), w Elblągu ( 1661 ), w Elblągu ( 1661 ).

* 1658 – Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars ( 1655 – 1661 ), the King of Denmark-Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden to save the rest.

Manikongo António I ( 1661 – 1665 ), with a Kongolese army of 5, 000, was destroyed by an army of Afro-Portuguese at the Battle of Mbwila.

* 1661 – Charles Rollin, French historian ( d. 1741 )

* 1661 – Marriage contract between Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza.

* 1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.

* 1661 – English Restoration: The Fifth Monarchists unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London, England.

* 1661 – Thomas Venner is hanged, drawn and quartered in London.

* John Nash ( MP ) ( 1590 – 1661 ), English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and 1648

* 1682 – Feodor III of Russia ( b. 1661 )

Thomas Venner ( died 19 January 1661 ) was a cooper and rebel who became the last leader of the Fifth Monarchy Men, who tried unsuccessfully to overthrow Oliver Cromwell in 1657, and subsequently led a coup in London against the newly-restored government of Charles II.

Destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's order during the English Civil War, the crown was re-created in 1661 for the coronation of King Charles II.

In 1661, Parliament passed acts posthumously attainting Oliver Cromwell, Henry Ireton and John Bradshaw — who were previously involved in Charles I's trial — of treason.

** 30 January 1661, On the 12th anniversary of the beheading of Charles I, the exhumed remains of Oliver Cromwell were posthumously executed ( Cromwell's severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Hall until 1685 )

Satire | Satirical illustration of 1661 showing ' Gyant Desborough ' brandishing a cannon outside Oliver Cromwell's palace

* Oliver FitzWilliam, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, 2nd Viscount Fitzwilliam ( d. 1667 ) ( created Earl of Tyrconnell in 1661 )

Ceremony, Portrait and Print, 1645 – 1661 ( 2000 ), shows how people compared Cromwell to King Ahab, King David, Elijah, Gideon and Moses, as well as Brutus and Julius Caesar.

In January 1661, the corpses of Cromwell, Ireton and Bradshaw were exhumed and hung in chains at Tyburn.

On 30 January 1661, following the Restoration of the English monarchy of 1660, Charles II had Ireton's corpse exhumed and mutilated in a posthumous execution, along with those of Cromwell and John Bradshaw in retribution for signing his father's death warrant.

On 30 January 1661 – the twelfth anniversary of the regicide – the bodies of Bradshaw, Cromwell and Henry Ireton were ordered to be exhumed and displayed in chains all day on the gallows at Tyburn.

A group of Virginia Quakers living in Accomac County, Virginia on the southern tip of the Delmarva Peninsula petitioned Lord Baltimore in 1661 to migrate further north on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay to the territory under his governance, and the governor saw the opportunity to fortify the borders of his territory on the Delmarva Peninsula against the pressing encroachment of the Virginians.

Among his works are Ladensium Aὐτοκατάκρισις, an answer to Lysimachus Nicanor by John Corbet in the form of an attack on Laud and his system, in reply to a publication which charged the Covenanters with Jesuitry ; Anabaptism, the true Fountain of Independency, Brownisme, Antinomy, Familisme, etc., a sermon which he criticises the rise of the early Baptist churches in England such as those lead by Thomas Lambe ; An Historical Vindication of the Government of the Church of Scotland ; The Life of William ( Laud ) now Lord Archbishop of Canterbury Examined ( London, 1643 ); A Parallel of the Liturgy with the Mass Book, the Breviary, the Ceremonial and other Romish Rituals ( London, 1661 ).

In 1661, he was granted the Forest of Bowland becoming 1st Lord of Bowland ( second creation ).

He was appointed a Gentleman of the Bedchamber, carried the Sovereign's Orb at the coronation on 23 April 1661, and was made Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire on 21 September.

On 25 June 1661, he took his seat above all the peers, as Lord Treasurer, in the Irish Parliament.

* The Lord Robartes ( 1661 – 1673 )

* Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 2nd Lord Kintyre ( 1607 – 1661 )

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury PC ( 22 July 1621 – 21 January 1683 ), known as Anthony Ashley Cooper from 1621 to 1631, as Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Baronet from 1631 to 1661, and as The Lord Ashley from 1661 to 1672, was a prominent English politician during the Interregnum and during the reign of King Charles II.

Shortly before his coronation, Charles created Cooper Lord Ashley, so when the Cavalier Parliament assembled in 1661 he moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords.

Charles II of England ( 1630-1685 ) in his coronation robes, 1661. Cooper was one of twelve members of Parliament who travelled to the Dutch Republic to invite Charles to return to England, and in 1661, Charles created Cooper Lord Ashley.

: Other titles ( 4th Duke ): Lord Bellenden of Broughton ( 1661 )

* John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun ( 1598 – 1661 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, President of the Privy Council

He was offered the post of Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1660 but was unwilling to serve, and was Lord Lieutenant in 1669 – 1670 ; from 1661 to 1673 he was Lord Privy Seal although he did not exercise his office after his return from Ireland.

His return to politics was completed with his service as Lord High Constable of England at Charles II's coronation in April 1661.

Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, PC ( December 1661 – 23 July or 28 December 1727 ) was Queen Anne's Lord Chancellor of Great Britain.

Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton KG PC ( 1661 – 21 January 1722 ) was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Member of Parliament for Hampshire and a supporter of William III of Orange.

He succeeded to the estates of his uncle Lord Leinster and was created Viscount Cholmondeley, of Kells in the County of Meath, in the Peerage of Ireland in 1661.

Born Edward Turnour Garth, Lord Winterton was the son of Joseph Garth and his wife Sarah ( died 1744 ), daughter of Francis Gee and his wife Sarah, daughter of Sir Edward Turnor, Member of Parliament for Orford, elder son of Sir Edward Turnour, Speaker of the House of Commons from 1661 to 1671.

* Patrick Murray, 2nd Lord Elibank ( d. 1661 )

* James Maclellan, 6th Lord Kirkcudbright ( 1661 – 1730 )