* 1666 – Maria Sofia of Neuburg ( d. 1699 )

* 1666 – William Wotton, English scholar ( d. 1727 )

* 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as " Holmes's Bonfire ".

* Afonso III of Kongo-( 1666 – 1667 )

* Alfonso III of Kongo ( 1666 – 1667 )

* 1666 – Jean-Féry Rebel, French composer and violinist ( d. 1747 )

* 1666 – Johann Heinrich Buttstett, German organist and composer ( d. 1727 )

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

* 1666 – Francesco Scarlatti, Italian composer and musician ( d. c. 1741 )

* 1666 – Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh guru ( d. 1708 )

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be James Howell ( 1594 – 1666 ) with " Familiar Letters ", who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.

* 1608 – Gaspar Schott, German mathematician ( d. 1666 )

* 1584 – Albert VI of Bavaria ( d. 1666 )

* 1666 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( d. 1737 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

The 1664 – 1666 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier " Black Death " pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the " great " plague only because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the four-hundred-year timespan of the Second Pandemic.

* 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-Anglican theologian ( d. 1711 )

* 1696 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar ( b. 1666 )

* 1737 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

At the end of the year 1666, Malpighi was invited by the Italian Senate to return to the public academy at Messina, which he did in 1667.

At the time of the 1666 hearth tax survey, Ordsall Hall was the largest house in Salford, with 19 hearths.

At the beginning of the year 1666, Sabbatai left Smyrna for Istanbul ( the Ottoman Empire's capital, then known in the Christian West as Constantinople.

At last the matter was submitted to a pan-Orthodox synod, which opened its sessions on 18 November 1666 in the presence of the tsar.

At the Four Days ' Battle in 1666 his flagship, the Prince Royal, ran aground on the Galloper Shoal and he was forced to surrender his ship to Lieutenant-Admiral Cornelis Tromp, earning the unfortunate distinction of being the last admiral of the Royal Navy to have been captured by the enemy.

By 1666 at least 12, 000 white smallholders had been bought out, died, left or the island.

Dugdale, writing his book The History of Imbanking and Drayning of divers Fenns and Marshes in 1662, which was based on personal observations he made during a trip to the Fens in May 1657, and the records of the Fens Office, most of which were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666, thought it was the least of the rivers he had seen, and recorded that it " serveth almost to none other use, but to carry away so much of its own water, with the rill descending from Burne, as can be kept between two defensible banks.

King's Bench Walk has contained buildings since at least 1543, although these were burnt down in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and their replacements destroyed in the fire of 1677.

Although it was the intent of OSCI that commercial vendors and academia could create original software compliant to IEEE 1666, in practice most SystemC implementations have been at least partly based on the OSCI proof-of-concept simulator.

His third son from his first marriage, Isaiah, and his stepson, Aryeh Löb, were the two Polish scholars who were sent — probably by Segal, or at least with his consent — to Turkey in 1666 to investigate the claims of the pseudo-Messiah, Shabbetai Tzvi.

He estimated that these sects last from 1666 to 3000 years each time, which, as pointed out by Leo Strauss, would mean that Christianity became due to start finishing about 150 years after Machiavelli.

The sleeveless garment worn by men beneath a coat may have been first popularised by King Charles II of England, since a diary entry by Pepys ( October 8, 1666 ) records that " he King hath yesterday, in Council, declared his resolution of setting a fashion for clothes ....

The invasion force of about 1300 men moved out in the fall of 1666.

It only narrowly survived the Great Fire of London in 1666 and owes its survival to Admiral William Penn, father of William Penn of Pennsylvania fame, who had his men from a nearby naval yard demolish the surrounding buildings to create firebreaks.

These men had strict orders by Cornelis de Witt not to plunder, as the Dutch wanted to shame the English whose troops had sacked Terschelling during Holmes's Bonfire in August 1666.

In 1666 it was decided that the castle should be garrisoned by men from Sir Robert Holmes ' company on the Isle of Wight.

In the audience he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank, Insulted he stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Sing's quarters on 12 May 1666.

In 1666, after thirteen years ( during the reign of Hyeonjong of Joseon, 1659 – 1674 ) of what then had become imprisonment, eight men including Hamel were able to escape.

His last act on behalf of the English crown came in July 1666 when, having learned of the recent French seizure of Saint Kitts, he formed a relief force of two Royal Navy frigates, twelve other large vessels ( including commandeered merchant ships ), a fire ship, and a ketch, bearing over 1, 000 men.

It surfaced in attempt to challenge his formal restoration to his hereditary offices in October 1666, and again when the Pentland revolt took place, when Sharp would not allow Argyll's forces to participate, fearing that he and his men would join the rebels.