* 1666 – Maria Sofia of Neuburg ( d. 1699 )

* 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as " Holmes's Bonfire ".

* Afonso III of Kongo-( 1666 – 1667 )

* Alfonso III of Kongo ( 1666 – 1667 )

* 1666 – Jean-Féry Rebel, French composer and violinist ( d. 1747 )

* 1666 – Johann Heinrich Buttstett, German organist and composer ( d. 1727 )

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

* 1666 – Francesco Scarlatti, Italian composer and musician ( d. c. 1741 )

* 1666 – Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh guru ( d. 1708 )

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be James Howell ( 1594 – 1666 ) with " Familiar Letters ", who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.

* 1608 – Gaspar Schott, German mathematician ( d. 1666 )

* 1584 – Albert VI of Bavaria ( d. 1666 )

* 1666 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( d. 1737 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

The 1664 – 1666 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier " Black Death " pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the " great " plague only because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the four-hundred-year timespan of the Second Pandemic.

* 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-Anglican theologian ( d. 1711 )

* 1696 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar ( b. 1666 )

* 1737 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

* Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( 1666 – 1726 ), field marshal in the Imperial Army

By 1776, the position of the British Secretary at War was a sophisticated managerial role, but the duties in 1661 to 1666 of England's first Secretary at War, Sir William Clarke, were more basic ones of literally handling the secretarial duties of managing official correspondence, memoranda, military orders, and financial accounts.

As a countermeasure in 1666, when William was sixteen, the States of Holland officially made him a ward of the government, or a " Child of State ".

While Oxford officially marks the year 1683 as its founding because in that year it was first named by the Maryland General Assembly as a seaport, the town began between 1666 and 1668 when were laid out as a town called Oxford by William Stephens, Jr .. By 1669 one of the first houses was built for Innkeeper Francis Armstrong ( see Talbot County Land Records, A 1, f. 10 / 11 ).

The first colonization occurred after a Native American, " William Minnian, ( or Quashawannamut ) " of Punkkupage " of Massachusetts Bay on May 14, 1666, deeded approximately 2, 000 acres " to John Mowry and Edward Inman who partnered with Nathaniel Mowry, John Steere, and Thomas Walling in dividing up the purchased tract.

William Wotton ( 13 August 1666 – 13 February 1727 ) was an English scholar, chiefly remembered for his remarkable abilities in learning languages and for his involvement in the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns.

On the other hand he is to be distinguished from Colonel William Strode ( of Barrington ), also parliamentarian and M. P., who died in 1666 ; and from William Strode ( 1602 – 1645 ), the orator, poet and dramatist.

Cliveden stands on the site of a house built in 1666 designed by architect William Winde as the home of George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham.

* William Hill ( died 1693 ) succeeded to the Hillsborough estates on the death of his elder half-brother Moyses Hill, and was a Privy Councillor under Charles II and James II and Member of the Irish Parliament for Ballyshannon from 1661 until 1666.

He studied anatomy in London under William Cowper ( 1666 – 1709 ), and began lecturing anatomy in 1710.

It only narrowly survived the Great Fire of London in 1666 and owes its survival to Admiral William Penn, father of William Penn of Pennsylvania fame, who had his men from a nearby naval yard demolish the surrounding buildings to create firebreaks.

Sir William Clarke ( died 1666 ) was an English politician.

* 1666 – 1697 Christian William, with Anton Günther II

Sir Hardress Waller ( c. 1604 – 1666 ), cousin of Sir William Waller, was an English parliamentarian of note.

Admiral Sir William Penn, 1621 – 1670 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665 – 1666, part of the Flagmen of Lowestoft series.

* Sir William Brownlow, 1st Baronet ( c. 1595 – 1666 ), English politician and barrister

Honthorst was succeeded by his brother William, born at Utrecht in 1604, who died, it is said, in 1666.

His brother William Ruthven was the grandfather of Francis Ruthven, who was created a Baronet, of Redcastle, in 1666 ( see Ruthven Baronets ).

* 1666 William Turner

On the suggestion of William Lloyd, Poole undertook the Synopsis as a digest of biblical commentators, from 1666.

Albert VI of Bavaria (; 26 February 1584 – 5 July 1666 ) son of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata of Lorraine, born and died in Munich.

William Cowper FRS ( c. 1666 – 8 March 1709 ) was an English surgeon and anatomist, famous for his early description of what is now known as the Cowper's gland.