* 1603 – Johannes Cocceius, German-Dutch theologian ( d. 1669 )

* 1669 – Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian wife of Peter the Great ( d. 1731 )

Although the increased contact brought by trade between the Japanese and the Ainu contributed to increased mutual understanding, sometimes it led to conflict, occasionally intensifying into violent Ainu revolts, of which the most important was Shakushain's Revolt ( 1669 – 1672 ).

* 1605 – Antonio Bertali, Italian composer and violinist ( d. 1669 )

That the curve followed by a chain is not a parabola was proven by Joachim Jungius ( 1587 – 1657 ); this result was published posthumously in 1669.

* 1589 – Esteban Manuel de Villegas, Spanish poet ( d. 1669 )

* 1669 – Louis Marchand, French organist and harpsichordist ( d. 1732 )

* Caspar de Crayer, painter ( 1582 – 1669 )

* 1616 – François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, French soldier ( d. 1669 )

* 1606 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter ( d. 1669 )

* 1669 – Sébastien Vaillant, French botanist ( d. 1722 )

* 1744 – John Anstis, Garter King of Arms ( b. 1669 )

* 1600 – Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman ( d. 1669 )

* 1609 – Queen Henrietta Maria of France ( d. 1669 )

* 1669 – Johann Nicolaus Bach, German composer ( d. 1753 )

The first form of elemental phosphorus to be produced ( white phosphorus, in 1669 ) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen – hence its name given from Greek mythology, meaning " light-bearer " ( Latin Lucifer ), referring to the " Morning Star ", the planet Venus.

Pope Clement IX ( 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669 ), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669.

Odescalchi was a strong papal candidate after the death of Pope Clement IX ( 1667 – 69 ) in 1669, but the French government rejected him ( using the now-abolished veto ).

* Charles Philip of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( 1669 – 90 ), colonel in the Imperial Army

* 1669 – The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year long Siege of Candia.

In 1669 – 71 the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento.

The influence of Vesalius ' plates representing the partial dissections of the human figure posing in a landscape setting is apparent in the anatomical plates prepared by the Baroque painter Pietro da Cortona ( 1596 – 1669 ), who executed anatomical plates with figures in dramatic poses, most with architectural or landscape backdrops.

* Apostolo Zeno ( 1669 – 1750 ), Venetian poet and librettist

The Duke of York converted to Roman Catholicism in 1668 or 1669, but Mary and Anne were brought up as Anglicans, pursuant to the command of Charles II.

* August 26 – Anne Marie d ' Orléans Queen consort of Sicily and Sardinia ( b. 1669 )

It includes: Henrietta Maria of France ( died 1669 ), exiled Queen of England ; Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, founder of the House of Orléans ; his first wife Henrietta Anne Stuart | Princess Henriette ( died 1670 ); the couples first daughter Marie Louise d ' Orléans ( 1662 – 1689 ) | Marie Louise d ' Orléans ( later Queen of Spain ); Anne of Austria ( died 1666 ); the Orléans daughters of Gaston, Duke of Orléans | Gaston de France ; Louis XIV ; the Dauphin of France with his wife Maria Theresa of Spain with her third daughter Princess Marie-Thérèse of France ( 1667 – 1672 ) | Marie-Thérèse de France, called Madame Royale ( died 1672 ) and her second son Philippe-Charles de France, duc d ' Anjou ( d1671 ).

Following her grandmother's death in 1669, Anne lived with an aunt, Henriette Anne, Duchess of Orléans.

Nonetheless, the marriage produced three children: Marie Louise d ' Orléans, future queen of Spain, who left France in 1679 when Philippe was just five ; Philippe Charles ( 1664 – 1666 ), Duke of Valois ; and Anne Marie d ' Orléans, born at Saint-Cloud in 1669, later queen consort of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia ( they became the maternal grandparents of Philippe's future protégé Louis XV ).

His eldest surviving son, Philip ( 1621 – 1669 ), became 5th Earl of Pembroke, and 2nd Earl of Montgomery ; he was twice married, and was succeeded in turn by three of his sons, of whom Thomas, the 8th Earl ( c. 1656 – 1733 ), was a person of note during the reigns of William III and Anne.

Seven children followed: Mary ( 1662 – 1694 ), James ( 1663 – 1667 ), Anne ( 1665 – 1714 ), Charles ( 1666 – 1667 ), Edgar ( 1667 – 1671 ) and two daughters, Henrietta ( 1669 – 1669 ) and Catherine ( 1671 – 1671 ); all of her sons and two of her daughters died in infancy.

After giving birth to one further child, Henrietta, in 1669, Anne gave birth to her youngest child in 1671, another daughter, whom she named Catherine.

The couple had their last child in August 1669, a daughter who was baptised Anne Marie at the private chapel of the Palais Royal on 8 April 1670 by Philippe's first chaplain, the Bishop of Vabres.

Following the loss of his family, Eaton married the widow Anne ( Graves ) Cotton ( 1620 – 1684 ), the daughter of Captain Thomas Graves ( 1584 – 1635 ) of Virginia and Massachusetts, and served for several years as an assistant to the Anglican curate at Accomac, Virginia before returning to England, where he was appointed the Vicar of Bishop's Castle, Salop, in 1661 and Rector of Bideford, Devon, in 1669.

After her marriage to King Charles II of Spain ( 1661 – 1700 ), in 1679, the style was assumed briefly by her younger sister, Anne Marie d ' Orléans ( 1669 – 1728 ), before she married Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia ( 1666 – 1732 ).

* Anne Marie d ' Orléans ( 1669 – 1728 ) held the style ( along with Madame Royale ) after the marriage of her sister Marie Louise.

* Oraison funèbre d ' Henriette Marie de France ( 1669 )

To get around this problem, most early gravity researchers, such as Jean Picard ( 1669 ), Charles Marie de la Condamine ( 1735 ), and Jean-Charles de Borda ( 1792 ) approximated a simple pendulum by using a metal sphere suspended by a light wire.

* Françoise Angélique de La Mothe Houdancourt, Dame of Fayel ( b. 1650 ), who married on 28 November 1669 Louis Marie Victor, duc d ' Aumont ( 9 December 1632 – 5 April 1711 ).

Within the successive editions of Edmé Boursault's Letters of Respect, Gratitude and Love ( Lettres de respect, d ' obligation et d ' amour ) ( 1669 ), a group of letters written to a girl named Babet was expanded and became more and more distinct from the other letters, until it formed a small epistolary novel entitled Letters to Babet ( Lettres à Babet ).

* January 31 – Arnold Geulincx, Flemish philosopher ( d. 1669 )

* August 5 – ( baptism ) Antonio Cesti, Italian composer ( d. 1669 )

* November 29 – Johannes Canuti Lenaeus, archbishop of Uppsala ( d. 1669 )

* August 9 – Johannes Cocceius, Dutch theologian ( d. 1669 )

* January 28 – Pope Clement IX ( d. 1669 )

** Lieuwe van Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman ( d. 1669 )

** William Prynne, English puritan politician ( d. 1669 )

* April 4 – Edward Nicholas, English statesman ( d. 1669 )

* November 1 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter ( d. 1669 )