The movement was particularly dominated by François Quesnay ( 1694 – 1774 ) and Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot ( 1727 – 1781 ).

* 1774 – British scientist Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

* 1774 – Robert Southey, English poet and biographer ( d. 1843 )

* 1714 – Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick ( d. 1774 )

* 1774 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint ( d. 1821 )

* Johnny Appleseed John Chapman ( September 26, 1774 – March 18, 1845 ), also known as Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

* 1774 – Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist ( d. 1862 )

He was the son of sultan Ahmed III ( 1703 – 30 ) and succeeded his brother Mustafa III ( 1757 – 74 ) on January 21, 1774.

* Guillaume du Tillot ( 1711 – 1774 ), politician

** Louis XV ( 1715 – 1774 )

** Louis XVI ( 1774 – 1792 )

** Louis IV ( 1715 – 1774 )

** Louis V ( 1774 – 1792 )

* Louis XV ( 1715 – 1774 )

* Louis XVI ( 1774 – 1793 )

* Éléments de physiologie ( 1773 – 1774 )

* 1774 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer and organist ( b. 1720 )

In 1819 Brewster undertook further editorial work by establishing, in conjunction with Robert Jameson ( 1774 – 1854 ), the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, which took the place of the Edinburgh magazine.

* Mary Parker Jr ( 1774 – 1859 )

* 1722 – Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer ( d. 1774 )

* 1774 – Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge ( d. 1850 )

* 1710 – King Louis XV of France ( d. 1774 )

* 1774 – Hans Järta, Swedish political activist ( d. 1847 )

The first European to sight Niue was Captain James Cook in 1774.

The British first sighted New Caledonia on 4 September 1774, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook.

The first European known to have sighted the island was Captain James Cook, in 1774, on his second voyage to the South Pacific on HMS Resolution.

* 1774 – New Caledonia is first sighted by Europeans, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook.

In 1774, Captain Cook named the islands the New Hebrides, a name that lasted until independence.

* July 19 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia ( b. 1774 )

Following the war, from 1763 to 1774 Daniel Morgan served in Captain Ashby's company and defended Virginia against Pontiac's Rebellion and Shawnee Indians in the Ohio valley ( that part now in West Virginia ).

The need for a land route to these missions inspired Captain Juan Bautista de Anza to lead a party through the area in 1774.

Originally called Flintstown, it was granted in 1774 by the Massachusetts General Court to survivors of Captain John Flint's company of soldiers from Concord, Massachusetts.

Gregory Blaxland was born 17 June 1778 at Fordwich, Kent, England, the fourth son of John Blaxland, mayor from 1767 to 1774, whose family had owned estates nearby for generations, and Mary, daughter of Captain Parker, R. N.

* Captain Meriwether Lewis ( 1774 – 1809 ) – American explorer and field scientist who led the Lewis and Clark Expedition into the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest in 1804 – 1806.

Before the Revolutionary war, Rush was engaged to Sarah Eve, daughter of prominent Philadelphian, Captain Oswell Eve, Sr. Their wedding date was set for mid-December 1774.

The archipelago was visited in 1774 by Juan Pérez ( at Langara Island ) and in 1778 by Captain James Cook.

The first European known to have sighted Norfolk Island was Captain James Cook, in 1774 on his second voyage to the South Pacific in HMS Resolution.

Wood was commissioned a Captain of Virginia troops by the Governor, Lord Dunmore, in 1774.

Omai ( c. 1751-1780 ), another young man from Ra ' iatea, travelled with European explorers to London in 1774 and also served as an interpreter to Captain Cook on his second and third journey.

Britain's claims to the region were dated back to the voyage of Sir Francis Drake in 1579, and also by right of prior discovery by Captain James Cook in 1778, although the Spanish had explored and claimed the region in 1774, under Juan Pérez, and in 1775, under Bruno de Heceta and Bodega y Quadra.

Ambrym ( aka Ambrin ) was so named by Captain Cook, who anchored off there in 1774.

After several years of service under Captain Brathwaite and a short period attached to, a guardship at Portsmouth commanded by Captain ( later Admiral ) Robert Roddam, Collingwood sailed to Boston in 1774 with Admiral Samuel Graves on board, where he fought in the British naval brigade at the battle of Bunker Hill ( June 1775 ), and was afterwards commissioned as a Lieutenant ( 17 June 1775 ).

Palmerston was discovered by Captain Cook in 1774, but he did not land on the island until 13 April 1777.

The island was discovered by Westerners by Captain James Cook in 1774 on his second voyage to New Zealand.

The first European explorers disembarked on Tahuata in 1595, beginning with the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira at Vaitahu, followed by Captain James Cook in 1774 and Admiral Dupetit-Thouars in 1842, who signed the treaty annexing the Marquesas Islands to France.

It was also sighted by Captain James Cook, during his voyage through the New Hebrides ( now Vanuatu ) in 1774.