* 1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz.

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1812 – Kaspar Hauser, German mystery boy ( d. 1833 )

* 1812 – Bertalan Szemere, Hungarian politician ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – War of 1812: The Battle of Fort Dearborn is fought between United States troops and Potawatomi at what is now Chicago, Illinois.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate defeats the British frigate off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning her nickname " Old Ironsides ".

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1812 – Peninsula War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

* 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist ( d. 1812 )

* 1812 – Agoston Haraszthy Hungarian-American traveler, writer, and winemaker, founded Buena Vista Winery ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.

* 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer ( d. 1812 )

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym: 1718 – 1812

Designed by Daniel Asher Alexander and constructed originally between 1806 and 1809 by local labour, to hold prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars, it was also used to hold American prisoners from the War of 1812.

During the War of 1812, Key, accompanied by the American Prisoner Exchange Agent Colonel John Stuart Skinner, dined aboard the British ship HMS Tonnant, as the guests of three British officers: Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, Rear Admiral George Cockburn, and Major General Robert Ross.

* 1812 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, American politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America and 50th Governor of Georgia ( d. 1883 )

This continued with Alexander I's wresting of Finnish War from the weakened kingdom of Sweden in 1809 and of Bessarabia from the Ottomans in 1812.

Napoleon made a major misstep when he declared war on Russia after a dispute with Tsar Alexander I and launched an invasion of Russia in 1812.

* 1883 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, former Vice President of the Confederate States of America ( b. 1812 )

This continued with Alexander I's ( 1801 – 25 ) wresting of Finland from the weakened kingdom of Sweden in 1809 and of Bessarabia from the Ottomans in 1812.

The anti-Nazi Great Patriotic War, was conflated with the Patriotic War of 1812 against Napoleon, and historical Russian military heroes, such as Alexander Nevski and Mikhail Kutuzov, appeared ; repression of the Russian Orthodox Church ( temporarily ) ceased, and priests revived the tradition of blessing arms before battle.

In 1819 the island of Funafuti, was named Ellice's Island ; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay ( 1812 – 1876 ).

The county is named after Alexander Smyth, a general during the War of 1812 who was elected to the state Senate and House of Delegates, and was a Representative to the United States Congress.

The county was named in honor of Detroit-born Alexander Macomb, Jr., a highly decorated veteran of the War of 1812 who became Commanding General of the U. S. Army in 1828.

First settled in 1829 on a site tentatively named Washington, the town was officially founded in 1830 as the county seat of McDonough County and given the name Macomb after General Alexander Macomb, a general in the War of 1812.

The township was named in honor of General Alexander Macomb, who was a highly decorated veteran of the War of 1812 ; his successful mercantile family owned most of Macomb County at one time.

Hamilton Square was named after Alexander Hamilton in a wave of anti-British sentiment at the time of the War of 1812.

In 1812, Bagration commanded the 2nd army of the West, and a few days before Napoleon's invasion on 24 June he suggested to Alexander I a pre-emptive strike into the Duchy of Warsaw.

The city of Helsinki, previously just a small village, was rebuilt on a rocky peninsula near the sea in 1812 by decree of Alexander I, Grand-duke of Finland.

In 1812 Czar Alexander I was able to render Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia useless by utilizing a scorched-earth retreat method, similar to that made by the Portuguese.

* Alexander Henry ( 1785 – 1812 ), not be confused with his first cousin Alexander Henry the younger.

The city of Helsinki, previously just a small village, was rebuilt on a rocky peninsula near the sea in 1812 by decree of Alexander I, Emperor of Russia.

From 1809 to 1812 Speransky was all-powerful in Russia, so far as any minister of a sovereign so suspicious and so unstable as Alexander could be so described.

Alexander did not credit the charge, but he made Speransky responsible for the unpopularity incurred by himself in consequence of the hated reforms and the still more hated French policy, and on the 17 / 29 March 1812 dismissed him from office.

Besides editions of the works of William Shakespeare, James Beattie, Henry Fielding, Samuel Johnson, Joseph Warton, Alexander Pope, Edward Gibbon, and Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke, he published A General Biographical Dictionary in 32 volumes ( 1812 – 1817 ); a Glossary to Shakspeare ( 1807 ); an edition of George Steevens's Shakespeare ( 1809 ); and the British Essayists, beginning with the Tatler and ending with the Observer, with biographical and historical prefaces and a general index.

The Fish Crow was first described by Alexander Wilson in 1812.

In 1861 Ge painted The Last Supper ; using the image for his central figure of Christ a photograph taken by the famous Russian photographer Count Sergei Lvovich Levitsky ( 1819 – 1898 ) of Levitsky's cousin Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen ( 1812 – 1870 ); the pro-Western writer and outstanding public figure.