* 1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz.

* 1812 – Alexander Herzen, Russian writer ( d. 1870 )

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1812 – Kaspar Hauser, German mystery boy ( d. 1833 )

* 1812 – Bertalan Szemere, Hungarian politician ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – War of 1812: The Battle of Fort Dearborn is fought between United States troops and Potawatomi at what is now Chicago, Illinois.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate defeats the British frigate off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning her nickname " Old Ironsides ".

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1812 – Peninsula War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

* 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist ( d. 1812 )

* 1812 – Agoston Haraszthy Hungarian-American traveler, writer, and winemaker, founded Buena Vista Winery ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.

* 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer ( d. 1812 )

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym: 1718 – 1812

* 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War – Battle of Salamanca – British forces led by Arthur Wellesley ( later the Duke of Wellington ) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.

* 1812 – Battle of Badajoz ( March 16 – April 6 ) – British and Portuguese forces besieged and defeated French garrison during Peninsular War.

British infantry attempt to scale the walls of Siege of Badajoz ( 1812 ) | Badajoz, Peninsular War, 1812

British intervention in the Peninsular War restored Portuguese independence, the last French troops being expelled in 1812.

Both sides entered additional conflicts in attempts to enforce their blockade ; the British fought the United States in the War of 1812 ( 1812 – 15 ), and the French engaged in the Peninsular War ( 1808 – 14 ).

Meanwhile, in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley renewed the Anglo-Portuguese advance into Spain just after New Year in 1812, besieging and capturing the fortified towns of Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, and in the Battle of Salamanca ( which was a damaging defeat to the French ).

A board wargame called Wellington – The Peninsular War 1812 – 1814 was produced by GMT Games in 2005.

The Peninsular War 1812 – 1814, The Folio Society, 2007.

Sabine was stationed in Gibraltar during the Peninsular War, but it was in the War of 1812 against the United States that he had his first taste of combat.

The Battle of Salamanca saw Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish armies under the Duke of Wellington defeat Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces among the hills around Arapiles south of Salamanca, Spain on 22 July 1812 during the Peninsular War.

In the years after the fall of the ministry, Grenville continued in opposition, maintaining his alliance with Lord Grey and the Whigs, criticising the Peninsular War and, with Grey, refusing to join Lord Liverpool's government in 1812.

After this he served with great distinction in the Peninsular War under Lannes and Masséna, and showed himself to be a dashing leader of light cavalry in the Russian War of 1812 and the German campaign of the following year.

Serving throughout the French French Revolutionary Wars | Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, MacDonald led major formations in War of the Fifth Coalition | the 1809 campaign against Austria, Peninsular War | in Spain ( 1810 – 1811 ), French invasion of Russia | Russia ( 1812 ), War of the Sixth Coalition | Germany ( 1813 ), and in France ( 1814 ).

* 1 Logistic Support Regiment RLC-1 Logistic Support Regiment was originally known as 1 Divisional Column, whose history can be traced back as far as the Peninsular War ( 1812 ), where it supported the First Division.

The Division was part of the British forces that took part in the Peninsular War and fought in the Battle of Sabugal, Battle of Orthez, Battle of Badajoz ( 1812 ), Battle of Salamanca, Battle of Nivelle, Battle of Fuentes de Onoro, Battle of Vitoria, Battle of Bussaco and the Battle of the Pyrenees

The 5th Division during the Peninsular War under the command of General James Leith was present at most of the major engagements including the Battle of Bussaco, the Battle of Sabugal, the Siege of Almeida ( 1811 ), the Battle of Badajoz ( 1812 ), the Battle of Salamanca, the Battle of Vitoria, the Siege of San Sebastian, the Battle of Nivelle and the Battle of the Nive.

Between 1812 and 1813 he was in Spain fighting in the Peninsular War, where he was severely wounded at Alicante.

The rifle was used by what were considered elite units, such as the 5th battalion, and rifle companies of the 6th and 7th Battalions, of the 60th Regiment of Foot, that were deployed around the world, the three battalions of the 95th Regiment of Foot that served under the Duke of Wellington between 1808 and 1814 in the Peninsular War, the War of 1812 ( 3rd Batt ./ 95th ( Rifles ), at Battle of New Orleans ), and again in 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo.

The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was established on 19 March 1812 by the Cádiz Cortes, that was the first national legislative assembly ( Cortes Generales " General Courts ") of Spain, while in refuge from the Peninsular War.

Together, the three brothers helped to make the Peninsular campaign a success, and in 1812 Wellesley was knighted.

The latter, members of two regiments of Swiss mercenaries transported by Great Britain to Canada to fight the Americans in the War of 1812, had settled in Montreal and Kingston at the close of the war in 1815.

This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

* War of 1812

His father, Ulysses F. Doubleday, fought in the War of 1812, published newspapers and books, and represented Auburn, New York for four years in the United States Congress.

* Uncle Sam ( initials U. S .) is a common national personification of the American government that according to legend came into use during the War of 1812 and was supposedly named for Samuel Wilson a meat packer in New York, who supplied rations for the soldiers.

With the American Revolutionary War came " Brother Jonathan " as another personification and finally after the War of 1812 Uncle Sam appeared.

These were followed by significant numbers of freed Africans in the War of 1812, Irish immigrants in the mid 19th century and Dutch immigrants after World War II.

" The Star-Spangled Banner " has special meaning to Baltimore historically, as it was written during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812 by Francis Scott Key, a Baltimorean.

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter-invasions from British-Canadian forces.

Three were completed when the War of 1812 broke out ; these were the Santee Canal ( opened 1800 ) in South Carolina, the Middlesex Canal ( opened 1802 ) in Massachusetts and the Dismal Swamp Canal ( opened 1805 ) in Virginia.

The Rideau Canal was built as a result of the War of 1812 to provide military transportation between the British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada as an alternative to part of the St. Lawrence River, which was susceptible to blockade by the United States.

The second wave from Britain and Ireland was encouraged to settle in Canada after the War of 1812 by the governors of Canada, who were worried about anti-English sentiment among its citizens.