Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

In 1859, Nobel's father left his factory in the care of the second son, Ludvig Nobel ( 1831 – 1888 ), who greatly improved the business.

* 1831 – Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England cause it to collapse.

* 1831 – Nat Turner's slave rebellion commences just after midnight in Southampton County, Virginia, leading to the deaths of more than 50 whites and several hundred African Americans who are killed in retaliation for the uprising.

* 1770 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher ( d. 1831 )

* 1831 – Nat Turner sees a solar eclipse, which he believes is a sign from God.

* 1798 – Sangolli Rayanna, Indian freedom fighter ( d. 1831 )

* 1831 – John Jones Ross, Canadian politician, 7th Premier of Quebec ( d. 1901 )

* 1831 – French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution.

* 1831 – Helena Blavatsky, Russian scholar and theosophist ( d. 1891 )

* 1831 – Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion.

* Alexander, Prince of Lippe ( 1831 – 1905 ), prince of Lippe

* 1831 – Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction.

* 1831 – The University of Alabama is founded.

* 1831 – John Abernethy, English surgeon ( b. 1764 )

* annual Amtsbürgermeister 1815 – 1831

In the late eighteenth and during the nineteenth century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, 1830 – 1831, and 1863 rebellions against the Russian czarist rule were exiled to Abakan.

* Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first leader of free modern Greece ( 1776 – 1831 ), had a large building erected ; intended as a barracks, it was subsequently used as a museum, a library and a school.

* 1831 – D. Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, resigns.

* Pope Gregory XVI ( 1765 – 1846, r. 1831 – 46 )

Work was also progressing on the northern half of the West Wing ( The Egyptian Sculpture Gallery ) 1826 – 1831, with Montagu House demolished in 1842 to make room for the final part of the West Wing, completed in 1846, and the South Wing with its great colonnade, initiated in 1843 and completed in 1847, when the Front Hall and Great Staircase were opened to the public.

#* Napoleon Louis Bonaparte ( 1804 – 1831 )

The first Portalian president was General Joaquín Prieto, who served two terms ( 1831 – 1836, 1836 – 1841 ).

In 1831, Thomas relocated the family to a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois.

Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, a state convention was called to pass a new constitution, including provisions to disfranchise free people of color.

As another consequence of the disturbances, a new constitution was accepted in 1831 which came into effect on 4 September of that year.

In 1831 Gauss developed a fruitful collaboration with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber, leading to new knowledge in magnetism ( including finding a representation for the unit of magnetism in terms of mass, length and time ) and the discovery of Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electricity.

By July 1831, as the new countries of Venezuela and Ecuador were being established, the isthmus would again reiterate its independence, now under the same General Alzuru as supreme military commander.

It was not called that until 8 July 1831, but the area outside the Potsdam Gate began to develop in the early 19th century as a district of quiet villas, for as Berlin became even more congested, many of its richer citizens moved outside the customs wall and built spacious new homes around the trading post, along the newly developing boulevards, and around the southern edge of the Tiergarten.

On the approach of cholera in 1831 some new lazarets were set up at western ports, notably a very extensive establishment near Bordeaux, afterwards turned to another use.

Two events helped to increase whisky's popularity: first, a new production process was introduced in 1831 called Coffey or Patent Still ( see in section below ); the whisky produced with this process was less intense and smoother.

In 1831 Henry Clay re-entered the Senate and started planning a new party.

In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.

* A preliminary discourse on the study of natural philosophy, part of Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet cyclopædia ( 1831, new edition 1840 );

As soon as the new session began in December 1831, the Third Reform Bill was brought forward.

* The first head of state of Belgium after it seceded from the Dutch monarchy in 1831 was a regent ( but not a prince in his own right ), baron Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier, before the new nation, which had chosen to become a parliamentary monarchy, had its first king sworn in to the constitution.

After Mazzini's release in 1831, he went to Marseille, where he organized a new political society called La Giovine Italia ( Young Italy ).

A second competition, held with new judges, was won by Brunel's design on 16 March 1831, for a suspension bridge with fashionably Egyptian-influenced towers.

At the time of its formation, it encompassed about one third of the State, but it was reduced to its present borders by 1831 as it spawned new counties.

It acquired its present boundaries in 1831 as new counties were formed out of it.

The old bridge continued in use while the new bridge was being built, and was demolished after the latter opened in 1831.

After the failure of the ' Black Line ' in 1830, Colonial Governor George Arthur announced on 14 March 1831 his new policy of the removal of Aborigines from Tasmania.

Through a contact made while working at Windsor, he became interested in the design of theatre scenery, and in 1831 obtained a commission to design the sets for the production of a new opera called Kenilworth at Covent Garden.

In 1831, a dam was constructed on the Mohawk River above the city's waterfall by the new Cohoes Company, it was soon swept away by ice and a new one was built the following year.

He edited Isocrates, Panegyricus ( 1831 ); with Sauppe, Lycurgus, Leocralca ( 1834 ) and Oratores Atticae ( 1838 – 1850 ); with Orelli and Winckelmann, a critical edition of Plato ( 1839 – 1842 ), which marked a distinct advance in the text, two new manuscripts being laid under contribution ; with Orelli, Babrius, Fabellae Iambicae nuper repertae ( 1845 ); Isocrates, in the Didot collection of classics ( 1846 ).

This was not done immediately, but following an attempt to rob the grave, in 1831 a new vault was finally constructed in Washington's desired location.