He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

* 1854 – Charles Dickens ' Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.

Arthur Aikin FGS ( 19 May 1773 – 15 April 1854 ) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* 1854 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German composer ( d. 1925 )

* 1773 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman ( d. 1854 )

* 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician ( b. 1854 )

* 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

* 1854 – William Stang, German prelate and Bishop ( d. 1907 )

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

#* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

The " Orange " in Orange Free State ( 1854 – 1902 ) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

* Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), author and playwright ( educated in Portora Royal School )

* Pope Cyril IV of Alexandria reigned 1854 – 1861

C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854 – 1890 ):

One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 – 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.

* 1854 – In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

Along with Muir perhaps most influential in the modern movement is Henry David Thoreau who published Walden in 1854.

The philosopher and critic George Henry Lewes met Evans in 1851, and by 1854 they had decided to live together.

Legend of the German crown offered to Henry, Hermann Vogel ( German illustrator ) | Hermann Vogel ( 1854 – 1921 )

By the age of 16, Booth was interested in the theatre and in politics, becoming a delegate from Bel Air to a rally by the Know Nothing Party for Henry Winter Davis, the anti-immigrant party's candidate for Congress in the 1854 elections.

In 1856, under the direction of Postmaster General James Campbell, Toppan and Carpenter, ( commissioned by the U. S. government to print U. S. postage stamps through the 1850s ) purchased a rotary machine designed to separate stamps, patented in England in 1854 by William and Henry Bemrose, who were printers in Derby, England.

* May 17 – Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, English general ( d. 1854 )

His siblings were Blanch ( 1846 – 1935 ), Viola ( 1848 – 1925 ), Rose ( b. 1854 ), Henry ( 1856 – 1926 ) and Eliza ( 1860 – 1941 ).

* In 1854, Steinway attended its first exhibition in the United States, which was the Metropolitan Mechanics Institute fair in Washington, D. C. Henry Steinway, Jr .' s design won 1st Prize.

A tablet unearthed in 1854 by Austen Henry Layard in Nineveh reveals Ashurbanipal as an " avenger ", seeking retribution for the humiliations the Elamites had inflicted on the Mesopotamians over the centuries:

Henry James at eleven years old with his father, Henry James, Sr. — 1854 daguerreotype by Mathew Brady

The manor then passed to Henry Tufnell ( d 1854 ), MP for Ipswich and Devonport, Liberal chief whip, Lord of the Treasury, m. Anne Augusta Wilmot-Horton ( daughter of the Governor of Ceylon d. 17 / 9 / 1843 ), m. 2 1844 Frances Byng ( daughter of Sir John Byng Earl of Staffford, d. 1846 ), m. 3.

* Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey ( 1768 – 1854 ), soldier and politician

The first recorded claims for the land in Orting were made in 1854 by William Henry Whitesell ( also the first postmaster ), Thomas Headley, Daniel Lane and Daniel Varner.

Francis and Emma had other children: Captain John Brooke Johnson ( 1823 – 1868 ) ( later Brooke Brooke ), Mary Anna Johnson ( b. 1824 ), Harriet Helena Johnson ( b. 1826 ), Charlotte Frances Johnson ( b. 1828 ), Captain ( William ) Frederic Johnson ( b. 1830 ), Emma Lucy Johnson ( b. 1832 ), Margaret Henrietta Johnson ( 1834 – 1845 ), Georgianna Brooke Johnson ( 1836 – 1854 ), James Stuart Johnson ( 1839 – 1840 ), and Henry Stuart Johnson ( b. 1841 ).

Title page of Henry David Thoreau | Henry Thoreau's memoir, Walden ( 1854 )

Henry Thomas Cockburn of Bonaly, Lord Cockburn ( ; Cockpen, Midlothian, 26 October 1779 – Bonaly, Midlothian, 26 April / 18 July 1854 ) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and literary figure.

Also in 1854 a " rotary process " was patented by William Bemrose and Henry Howe Bemrose.

Previous owners were the Lomax family who bought the house in 1666 and who lived there until 1854 when Joshua Lomax sold it to Henry Hayman Toulmin, a wealthy ship owner and High Sheriff of Hertfordshire and mayor of St Albans.

In a tablet unearthed in 1854 by Henry Austin Layard, Ashurbanipal boasts of the destruction he had wrought:

Henry David Thoreau, a North American naturalist and author, is often considered to have made the classic secular statement advocating a life of simple and sustainable living in his book Walden ( 1854 ).

John Selby Watson, Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, 1854.

* Henry Thoreau: Walden ( 1854 )