The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War ( 1853 – 1856 ); but, had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy.

* 1856 – William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer ( d. 1937 )

* 1776 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist ( d. 1856 )

* 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer ( d. 1883 )

* 1856 – Alfred Deakin, Australian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia ( d. 1919 )

* 1856 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian writer ( d. 1916 )

* 1856 – Aparicio Saravia, Uruguayan politician and military leader ( d. 1904 )

* 1856 – Diamond Jim Brady, American financier ( d. 1917 )

* 1816 – Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, French chemist ( d. 1856 )

** Various articles on Alcidamas ( 1856 – 1919, with links to further online material )

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1856 – Carle David Tolmé Runge, German physicist ( d. 1927 )

* 1910 – Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter ( b. 1856 )

* 1925 – John Singer Sargent, American artist ( b. 1856 )

* John Cramp, 1851 – 1853 ( and 1856 – 1869 )

* Edmund Crawley, 1853 – 1856

* John Cramp, 1856 – 1869

* 1856 – William Willett, English builder and daylight saving time advocate ( d. 1915 )

* 1856 – Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaria burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.

* 1856 – The Theta Chi fraternity is founded at Norwich University.

He married firstly at the Dolmabahçe Palace in Constantinople in 1856 to Georgian HH Dürrünev Kadın Efendi ( Batumi, 15 March 1835 – Constantinople, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, 3 December 1892 ), and had three children.

He married thirdly in 1872 to Circassian HH Gevherin Nedaxe Kadın Efendi ( Caucasus, 8 July 1856 – Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, 20 September 1894 ), and had one child.

* 1856 – Henri Philippe Pétain, French soldier and statesman ( d. 1951 )

Charles Louis Napoléon ( 1808 – 1873 ), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 – 1852 and emperor in 1852 – 1870, reigning as Napoléon III ; his son, Eugène Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 ), styled the Prince Imperial, died fighting the Zulus in Natal, South Africa.

* 1879 – Napoléon, Prince Imperial French son of Napoleon III of France ( b. 1856 )

In 1856, Eugénie gave birth to a legitimate son and heir-apparent, Louis Napoléon, the Prince Impérial.

Napoléon, Prince Imperial, ( Full name: Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph, 16 March 1856 – 1 June 1879 ), Prince Imperial, Fils de France, was the only child of Emperor Napoleon III of France and his Empress consort Eugénie de Montijo.

* Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial or Napoléon IV, Prince Imperial, often referred to as Louis Napoléon ( 1856 – 1879 ), only child of Napoleon III

On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856 / 1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints.

A typical Carthusian plan: Clermont, drawn by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, 1856.

While there are many sources of biographical information about Rosa Bonheur, there are three primary texts which are most consulted and cited in the subsequent literature ; the first is a pamphlet written by Eugène de Mirecourt, Les Contemporains: Rosa Bonheur which appeared in 1856 just after her Salon success with The Horse Fair.

Napoleon III's joy was at its height in 1856, as the Crimean War resulted in a peace which excluded Russia from the Black Sea, and when his son Eugène Bonaparte was born, which promised a continuation of his dynasty.

In 1856 he produced twelve folio-size illustrations of The Legend of The Wandering Jew for a short poem which Pierre-Jean de Béranger had derived from a novel of Eugène Sue of 1845.

* 1856 – Louis Sullivan and Eugène Vallin are born.

Eugène Louis Bouvier ( 9 April 1856, Saint-Laurent-en-Grandvaux – 14 January 1944, Paris ) was a French entomologist and carcinologist.

* June 1 – Napoleon Eugene, Prince Imperial, son of French Emperor Napoleon III ( b. 1856 )

* 1856 – 1870: His Imperial Highness The Prince Imperial

In 1856 it was decided that Prince Alfred, in accordance with his own wishes, should enter the Royal Navy.

In 1856, he was sent as special envoy to the coronation of Alexander II of Russia and brought home a wife, whom he married at St. Petersburg on 7 January 1857, Princess Sofia Sergeyevna Trubetskaya ( Moscow, 25 March 1836 – 8 August 1896 ), the only daughter of Prince Sergey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy ( 1814-12 May ( 30 April Old Style ), 1859 ) and his wife Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina ( 1 February 1816-c. 1897 ).

She also played the roles of Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream ( 1856 ), Prince Arthur in King John ( 1858 ) and Fleance in Macbeth ( 1859 ), continuing at the Princess's Theatre until the Keans ' retirement in 1859.

Born in Iaşi, Catargiu rose to the office of prefect of police in the city under the rule of the Moldavian Prince Grigore Ghica ( 1850 – 1856 ).

In 1856, the Prince of Monaco, Charles III, began constructing a casino in Monaco, which was called a health spa to avoid criticism by the church.

In practice, however, a huge amount of influence was retained by the exceedingly conservative Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Prince George, 2nd Duke of Cambridge, who held the post between 1856 – 1895.

A sister, or daughter, Albertina, of this Prince Antonio Octavio, would be the first root for the Spanish ducal title, Dukes of Tserclaes, bestowed in July 1856 by Queen Isabella II of Spain to members of the Guzman, Perez de Guzman, family, living in Jerez and Sevilla, Spain.

The whole complex, purchased for the first time at the beginning of March 1856, was called Miramar, after the name of Prince Ferdinand of Saxony ’ s residence in Pena, Portugal.

Last owners, from 1856, were the Prince of Canosa Capece Minutolo of Naples, and remained until 1948.

After completing the task, Ghica was awarded the honorary title of Prince of Samos by Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid I in 1856.

It has been confirmed that the village was once visited in 1856 by Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, who went on to become the " Ninety-Nine-Day Emperor ", Kaiser Friedrich III.

* Prince Vasily Andreyevich Dolgorukov ( 1856 – 1866 )

On 15 November 1893, in Munich, he married Princess Augusta Maria Louise of Bavaria ( 1875 – 1964 ), daughter of Prince Leopold of Bavaria ( 1846 – 1930 ) and his wife Archduchess Gisela of Austria ( 1856 – 1932 ).

# Maria Elisabeth Maximiliana Ludovika Amalie Franziska Sophia Leopoldine Anna Baptista Xaveria Nepomucena ( b. Dresden, 4 February 1830 – d. Stresa, 14 August 1912 ), known as Elisabeth ; married firstly on 22 April 1850 to Ferdinando, Prince of Savoy and Sardinia and 1st Duke of Genoa, and secondly on 4 October 1856 to Niccolò, Marchese Rapallo.

Once a boggy, marshland, the loch was formed in 1856 as part of Prince Albert's improvement plans for the area surrounding the palace.