In 1857 – 58, Douglas broke with President James Buchanan, leading to a fight for control of the Democratic Party.

In 1857, the Austrian scholar Anton Boller suggested adding Japanese to Altaic or more precisely to Ural – Altaic.

* 1770 – David Thompson, Canadian explorer ( d. 1857 )

* 1857 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist ( d. 1940 )

* 1857 – Manuel de Escandón, Mexican polo player ( d. 1940 )

* 1857 – Eugène Sue, French novelist ( b. 1804 )

* 1924 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-English writer ( b. 1857 )

* 1929 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist ( b. 1857 )

* 1857 – Cécile Chaminade, French pianist and composer ( d. 1944 )

* 1857 – Albert Ballin, German businessman ( d. 1918 )

* 1789 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician ( d. 1857 )

* Alexander of Bulgaria ( 1857 – 1893 ), first prince of Bulgaria

* Alexander of Bulgaria ( 1857 – 1893 ), Prince of Bulgaria

* 1857 – The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.

Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.

* Alfonso XII of Spain-( 1857 – 1885 ) ( ordinal numbering continues from the kings of Castile )

* 1857 – Sandford Schultz, English cricketer ( d. 1937 )

* 1857 – " The Spirits Book " by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.

* 1857 – Clarence Darrow, American attorney ( d. 1938 )

* 1857 – Alexander Shirvanzade, Armenian playwright and novelist ( d. 1935 )

* 1857 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom ( d. 1944 )

* 1936 – Karl Pearson, English mathematician ( b. 1857 )

* 1776 – Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh ( d. 1857 )

* 1922 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer ( b. 1857 )

* July 5 – Max Klinger, German painter and sculptor ( b. 1857 )

* May 7 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer ( b. 1857 )

* Deutsche Liebe, Novel by F. Max Müller 1857, E-Book Edition 2011 ( German ), Philipp Grieb IT-Redaktion

Scotland ’ s Society is actually the oldest as Walter Spencer is recorded as having been initiated into the SRIS by Anthony Oneil Haye in 1857, and there are documents in the SRIA archives that show that both Robert Wentworth Little and William J. Hughan were initiated in 1866 and 1867 by Anthony O ’ Neal Haye, Magus Max, Ros.

* Max Klinger ( 1857 – 1920 ), German symbolist artist

Max Klinger ( February 18, 1857 – July 5, 1920 ) was a German Symbolist painter, sculptor, printmaker, and writer.

He also wrote biographies of Wilhelm von Humboldt ( 1856 ), Hegel ( 1857 ), Schopenhauer ( 1864 ), Herder ( 1877-1885 ) and Max Duncker ( 1890 ).

Emil Max Hödel ( May 27, 1857 – August 16, 1878 ) was a plumber from Leipzig, Germany who became known for a failed assassination.

Miksa ( Max ) Weisz ( 21 July 1857 – 14 March 1927 ) was an Austrian chess player born in the Kingdom of Hungary.

* May 7-Max Wagenknecht, composer for organ and piano ( b. 1857 )

Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof ( July 23, 1857 – February 11, 1944 ) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.

In 1857, German physicist and glassblower Heinrich Geissler sucked even more air out with an improved pump, to a pressure of around 10 < sup >− 3 </ sup > atm and found that, instead of an arc, the glow filled the tube.

* 1857 – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist ( d. 1894 )

* 1777 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor ( d. 1857 )

* 1857 – Clara Zetkin, German theorist and activist ( d. 1933 )

* 1780 – Martin Lichtenstein, German physician ( d. 1857 )

* 1788 – Joseph von Eichendorff, German writer ( d. 1857 )

* 1857 – Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet ( b. 1788 )

Founded by German merchant Georg Wertheim ( 1857 – 1939 ), designed by architect Alfred Messel ( 1853 – 1909 ), opened in 1897 and extended several times over the following 40 years, it ultimately possessed a floor area double that of the Reichstag, a 330-metre-long granite and plate glass facade along Leipziger Straße, 83 elevators, three escalators, 1, 000 telephones, 10, 000 lamps, five kilometres of pneumatic tubing for moving items from the various departments to the packing area, and a separate entrance directly from the nearby U-Bahn station.

* 1857 – Georg Michaelis, German politician, 6th Chancellor of Germany ( d. 1936 )

* March 10 – Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet ( d. 1857 )

* January 1 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist ( b. 1857 )

** Friedrich von Ingenohl, German admiral ( b. 1857 )

* October 31 – Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner, German chemist ( d. 1857 )

* January 2 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor ( d. 1857 )

According to his own account, recorded in his autobiography Mein Leben, Wagner conceived Parsifal on Good Friday morning, April 1857, in the Asyl ( German: " Asylum "), the small cottage on Otto Wesendonck's estate in the Zürich suburb of Enge, which Wesendonck-a wealthy silk merchant and generous patron of the arts-had placed at Wagner ’ s disposal, through the good offices of his wife Mathilde Wesendonck.

On 17 March 1857, Reuter was naturalised as a British subject, and on September 7, 1871, the German Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha conferred a barony ( Freiherr ) on Julius Reuter.

The founder of one of the earliest ophthalmic societies ( German Ophthalmological Society, 1857 ) and one of the earliest ophthalmic journals ( Graefe's Archives of Ophthalmology ).

In 1857, the Vereinsthaler was adopted by most German states as well as in the Habsburg Empire.

The first was the English Alpine Club ( founded in the winter of 1857 – 1858 ), followed in 1862 by the Austrian Alpine Club ( which in 1873 was fused, under the name of the German and Austrian Alpine Club, with the German Alpine Club, founded in 1869 ), in 1863 by the Italian and Swiss Alpine Clubs, and in 1874 by the French Alpine Club, not to mention numerous minor societies of more local character.