On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

* 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints — later renamed Community of Christ — is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter ( d. 1926 )

* 1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.

* 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-Scottish actor, director, and inventor ( d. 1935 )

* 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer ( d. 1917 )

* 1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American writer and public speaker ( d. 1941 )

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( d. 1887 )

* 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer ( d. 1938 )

* 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler ( d. 1907 )

" The Transubstantiation of a Poor White ", in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860 – 1880 ( 1935 ).

Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860 – 1869 ( 1934 ) online edition

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

* 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter ( d. 1900 )

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

* 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and inventor ( d. 1939 )

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

* 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and composer ( d. 1936 )

* Sherman's Civil War: Selected Correspondence of William T. Sherman, 1860 – 1865, edited by Brooks D. Simpson and Jean V. Berlin ( Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999 ) – a large collection of war-time letters ( November 1860 to May 1865 ).

The earliest applied linguists included Jean Manesca, Heinrich Gottfried Ollendorff ( 1803 – 1865 ), Henry Sweet ( 1845 – 1912 ), Otto Jespersen ( 1860 – 1943 ), and Harold Palmer ( 1877 – 1949 ).

* another by Louis Jean Nicolas Monmerque ( 1780 – 1860 ) in 8 volumes ( 1821 – 1824 ), reproduced in Buchan's Pantheon littéraire

The modern editions are as follows: Dukes, Ehrensäulen, p. 96 ; Grätz, Blumenlese, p. 27 ; Steinschneider, Musar Haskel, Berlin, 1860 ; Weiss, Liqquṭe Qadmonim, Warsaw, 1893 ; Philipp, Sämmtliche Gedichte des R. Hai Gaon, Lemberg, 1881 ; a Latin translation by Jean Mercier, Cantica Eruditionis Intellectus Auctore per Celebri R. Hai, Paris, 1561 ; another by Caspar Seidel, Carmen Morale ΣτροφορυΘμον Elegantissimum R. Chai, etc., Leiptzig, 1638.

Elpis was discovered by Jean Chacornac from Paris, on September 12, 1860.

In 1860, a French scientist named Jean Claude Eugene Peclet experimented on the insulating effect of high and low emissive metals facing air spaces.

The library's beginnings go back to 1860, when Captain Jean Mitchell set up a small library as part of the Madras Museum in Madras, capital of the Madras Presidency in the British Indian Empire.

He collaborated with Jean Baptiste Dumas in writing an Essai de statique chimique des ltres organists ( 1841 ), and was the author of Traite d ' economie rurale ( 1844 ), which was remodelled as Agronomie, chimie agricole, et physiologie ( 5 vols., 1860 – 1874 ; 2nd ed., 1884 ), and of Etudes sur la transformation du fer en acier ( 1875 ).

In 1860, the County of Nice is finally ceded by treaty to France and the peninsula becomes a magnet for kings and wealthy visitors ; a new era in the history of Saint Jean Cap Ferrat.

Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne ( 7 November 1860, Les Hauts-de-Chée, Meuse-2 April 1936 ) was a general of artillery and a specialist in military engineering, one of the founders of modern French artillery and French military aviation ; and the creator of the French tank arm.

With the support of the Bishop of New Mexico, Jean Baptiste Lamy, Otero was reelected to the next two Congresses, but was not a candidate for renomination in 1860.

* Jean Chabot ( 1806 – 1860 ), lawyer, judge and political figure in Canada East

Sir Charles Santley ( born 1834 ), Gustav Walter ( born 1834 ), Adelina Patti ( born 1843 ), Marianne Brandt ( born 1842 ), Lilli Lehmann ( born 1848 ), Jean Lassalle ( born 1847 ), Victor Maurel ( born 1848 ), Marcella Sembrich ( born 1858 ), Lillian Nordica ( born 1857 ), Emma Calvé ( born 1858 ), Nellie Melba ( born 1861 ), Francesco Tamagno ( born 1850 ), Francesco Marconi ( born 1853 ), Léon Escalais ( born 1859 ), Mattia Battistini ( born 1856 ), Mario Ancona ( born 1860 ), Pol Plançon ( born 1851 ), and Antonio Magini-Coletti and Francesco Navarini ( both born 1855 ).

Geefs was born at Antwerp, the eldest of six brothers in a family of sculptors, the best-known of whom are Joseph Geefs ( 1808 – 1885, winner of the Prix de Rome in 1836 ) and Jean Geefs ( 1825 – 1860, and winner of the prize in 1846 ).

John Antoine Nau ( 1860 – 1918 ), real name Eugène Léon Édouard Torquet, was a French poet and writer most famous for his novel Enemy Force, which won the first Prix Goncourt in 1903.

French intervention on behalf of the Maronites did not help the Maronite national movement, since France was restricted in 1860 by Britain, which did not want the Ottoman Empire dismembered.

* 1860 – Lucien Guitry, French actor ( d. 1925 )

For example, the French Rosiers family moved to the island in 1860, but subsequently abandoned it.

* 1860 – Rachilde, French author ( d. 1953 )

Azam also translated Braid's last manuscript ( On Hypnotism, 1860 ) into French.

* 1860 – The discovery of the planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.

With the war against Spain ( 1859 – 1860 ) came direct involvement in European affairs — although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed in the Conference of Madrid ( 1880 ), the French gained ever greater influence.

* 1925 – Roger de Barbarin, French trap shooter ( b. 1860 )

These recordings, made circa 1860, include fragments of two French songs and a recitation in Italian.

A more successful and safer regulator was mass produced in France from 1865 to 1965 ( although production was twice interrupted during that period ): invented by Benoît Rouquayrol in 1860 for survival in flooded mines it was adapted to diving in 1864 with the help of French Navy officer Auguste Denayrouze.

One early minor poem was " Masters in this Hall " ( 1860 ), a Christmas carol written to an old French tune.

* February 18 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer ( b. 1860 )

* August 20 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( b. 1860 )

** Lucien Guitry, French actor ( b. 1860 )

* October 15 – Raymond Poincaré, French President ( b. 1860 )

The Jardin botanique du Thabor ( formal French garden, orangerie, rose garden, aviary ) a botanical garden on 10 hectares of land, built between 1860 and 1867.

By a treaty concluded in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III, the County was again ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy unified with Piedmont-Sardinia.

After the annexation of Nice by France in 1860 it was rechristened La Promenade des Anglais, replacing the former Nissart name with its French translation.

In 1860, a French adventurer, Orelie-Antoine de Tounens proclaimed himself king of Araucania and Patagonia.

After the treaty annexing Nice and Savoy to France, signed in Turin on March 1860 ( Treaty of Turin ), the north-western slopes of the range became part of French repubblic.

Cavour, who triumphantly returned to power in January 1860, wished to annex the territories, but realized that French acquiescence was necessary.

In China, France took part in the Second Opium War along with Britain, and in 1860 French troops entered Peking.