On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

* 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints — later renamed Community of Christ — is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter ( d. 1926 )

* 1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.

* 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-Scottish actor, director, and inventor ( d. 1935 )

* 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer ( d. 1917 )

* 1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American writer and public speaker ( d. 1941 )

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( d. 1887 )

* 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer ( d. 1938 )

" The Transubstantiation of a Poor White ", in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860 – 1880 ( 1935 ).

Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860 – 1869 ( 1934 ) online edition

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

* 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter ( d. 1900 )

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

* 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and inventor ( d. 1939 )

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

* 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and composer ( d. 1936 )

* December 21 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler ( b. 1860 )

Klara Hitler née Pölzl ( 12 August 1860 – 21 December 1907 ) was an Austrian woman, the wife of Alois Hitler and the mother of German dictator Adolf Hitler.

* 1904 – Theodor Herzl, Austrian journalist ( b. 1860 )

* 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer ( d. 1911 )

* 1860 – Theodor Herzl, Austrian journalist ( d. 1904 )

With the introduction of a constitution granting civil and political liberties in the Austrian Empire in 1860, the Slovene national movement gained force.

* May 18 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer ( b. 1860 )

* February 22 – Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer ( b. 1860 )

* July 3 – Theodor Herzl, Austrian founder of Zionism ( b. 1860 )

With the introduction of the constitutionalism in the Austrian Empire in 1860, the municipal autonomy of the city was restored, with Trieste became capital of the Adriatisches Küstenland, the Austrian Littoral region.

Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911 ) was a late-Romantic Austrian composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation.

With the standardisation of training and tactics, the need for separate grenadier companies at regimental level had passed by the mid-19th century and the British, French and Austrian armies phased out these sub-units between 1850 and 1860.

Perhaps the oldest extant Christian crown in Europe is the Iron Crown of Lombardy, of Roman and Longobard age, later again used to crown modern Kings of Napoleonic and Austrian Italy, and to represent united Italy after 1860.

Hugo Wolf ( 13 March 1860 – 22 February 1903 ) was an Austrian composer of Slovene origin, particularly noted for his art songs, or lieder.

Alois, ennobled in 1860, was director of the Imperial printing office ( K .- k. Hof-und Staatsdruckerei ) in the days of the Austrian Empire.

The concept of the four-stroke engine was also patented ( October 26, 1860 ) by the Austrian Christian Reithmann for one year and by the French Alphonse Beau de Rochas ( January 16, 1862 ).

* Gustav Mahler ( b. 1860 ) – Austrian / German composer and conductor

After the Revolution of 1848 – 1849, the Banat ( together with Syrmia and Bačka ) was made into a separate Austrian crownland known as the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, but, in 1860 this province was abolished and most of its territory was incorporated again into Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.

From 1849 to 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, a separate Austrian crown land.

In 1848 / 1849, Sombor was part of the Serbian Vojvodina, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, while between 1849 and 1860, it was part of the Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat, a separate Austrian crown land.

In 1848-1849, the town was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina, and from 1849 to 1860, it was part of the Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat, a separate Austrian province.

Between 1849 and 1860, it was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat.