Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

Their impolitic occupation of Columbus, Kentucky on September 3, 1861, two days before Johnston arrived in the Confederacy's capital, Richmond, Virginia, after his cross – country journey, drove Kentucky from its stated neutrality and the majority of Kentuckians into the Union camp.

* Connelly, Thomas L. Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee 1861 – 1862.

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861 – 62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign.

* 1861 – First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

* 1861 – Stanislas de Guaita, French occultist ( d. 1897 )

* 1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

* 1796 – George N. Briggs, American politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts ( d. 1861 )

* 1861 – Union forces attack Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

* 1861 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos, Nigeria.

* 1861 – Sammy Jones, Australian cricketer ( d. 1951 )

* 1811 – Elisha Otis, American inventor and businessman, founded the Otis Elevator Company ( d. 1861 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1861 – American Civil War: Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.

* 1861 – First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.

* 1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.

* 1861 – Iván Persa, Hungarian-Slovene writer and catholic priest ( d. 1935 )

* 1861 – American Civil War: US Navy squadron captures forts at Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina.

The Robber Barons: The Great American Capitalists, 1861 – 1901 ISBN 99918-47-99-5

* 1766 – Collin McKinney, American surveyor, merchant, politician, and preacher, helped draft the Texas Declaration of Independence ( d. 1861 )

* 1861 – American Civil War: in order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 ( 3 % of all incomes over US $ 800 ; rescinded in 1872 ).

* September 30 – Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States ( b. 1861 )

Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948 ) was the second wife of Theodore Roosevelt and served as First Lady of the United States during his presidency from 1901 to 1909.

Edith Brown was born and raised in Glengarry ( HI ) Station near Geraldton, Western Australia on 2 August 1861.

Edith Mary Oldham Ellis née Lees ( 1861 – 1916 ) was a British writer and women's rights activist.

* Edith Ellis ( 1861 – 1916 ), British author and women's rights activist

* Edith the Captive ; or, The Robbers of Epping Forest ( 1861 )

Daughter Mary Binney Cadwalader ( 1829 – 1861 ) married William Henry Rawle ( 1823 – 1889 ) in 1849 ; their daughter Mary Cadwalader Rawle ( 1850 – 1923 ) married Frederick Rhinelander Jones on March 24, 1870, who was the brother of Edith Wharton ( 1862 – 1937 ); their daughter in turn was landscape architect Beatrix Cadwalader Jones Farrand ( 1872 – 1959 ).

They had three daughters, Catherine Grace ( born in 1856 ), Edith Marcon Vergence ( born in 1859 ) and Helen Beatruc ( born in 1861 ).

* 1861 – Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, American sister of Theodore Roosevelt ( d. 1933 )

In 1880, Roosevelt married Alice Hathaway Lee ( July 29, 1861 – February 14, 1884 ) of Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

This dilemma was seen most notably in 1861 and 1933, as Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt ( plus the newly elected Senators and Representatives ) had to wait four months before they, and the incoming-Congresses, could deal with the secession of Southern states and the Great Depression respectively.

* February 14 – Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, first wife of Theodore Roosevelt ( b. 1861 )

* Alice Roosevelt ( 1861 – 1884 ), first wife of U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt

Among the venerable series are Foreign Relations of the United States for the Department of State ( since 1861 ), Statistical Abstract of the United States for the Census Bureau ( since 1878 ) and Public Papers of the President, covering the administrations of Presidents Herbert Hoover onward ( except Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose papers were privately printed ).

* Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt ( 1861 – 1884 ), the first wife of U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt

He was a Representative from New Mexico ; born on Greenwood plantation, near Bayou Sara, Louisiana., April 3, 1861 ; attended the public schools ; moved to the Territory of New Mexico in 1879 and worked on a cattle ranch until 1881 ; acted as post trader at Fort Stanton ; engaged in the mercantile and stock business until 1886 ; deputy treasurer of Lincoln County in 1886 and 1887 ; elected county clerk in 1888, county assessor in 1890, and sheriff in 1892 ; member of the Territorial senate in 1894 and 1896, serving as president the latter year ; lieutenant of the First Volunteer Cavalry, known as “ Roosevelt ’ s Rough Riders ,” in the Spanish-American War ; sheriff of Otero County in 1899 ; resigned to join the Eleventh Volunteer Cavalry ; lieutenant, provost marshal, and provost judge, with service in the Philippine Islands from December 16, 1899, to March 20, 1901 ; Governor of the Province of Camarines, Philippine Islands, in 1901 ; chief of police of the city of Manila, 1901 ; Governor of the Province of Isabela 1903-1905 ; Governor of the Province of Samar from 1905 to 1907, when he resigned ; Governor of the Territory of New Mexico 1907-1911 ; upon the admission of New Mexico as a State into the Union was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second Congress and served from January 8, 1912, to March 3, 1913 ; declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1912 ; engaged in the hotel business in Socorro, N. Mex.

Robert Roosevelt's father was Cornelius Roosevelt ( 1794 – 1871 ) and his mother was Margaret Barnhill ( 1799 – 1861 ).

:::::* Corinne Roosevelt ( 1861 – 1933 ), m. Douglas Robinson, poet, lecturer, and orator