* Kate Austin ( 1864 – 1902 ), American writer, feminist and anarchist

* 1864 – William Bate Hardy, British biochemist ( d. 1934 )

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Fort Pillow massacre: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

* 1864 – Jean, duc Decazes, French aristocrat and sportsman ( d. 1912 )

* 1864 – Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet ( d. 1913 )

* 1864 – 12 nations sign the First Geneva Convention.

* 1864 – Hermann Weingärtner, German gymnast ( d. 1919 )

* 1916 – Roger Casement, Irish rebel ( b. 1864 )

* 1925 – William Bruce, Australian cricketer ( b. 1864 )

* Sebastian Osterrieder ( 1864 – 1932 ): sculptor

* 1864 – Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern – Union forces try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

His sister was Lucy Aikin ( 1781 – 1864 ), a historical writer.

* 1864 – The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico except Galveston, Texas.

* 1864 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece ( d. 1936 )

* 1864 – The U. S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.

* 1864 – During the American Civil War, Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia.

* 1864 – Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig.

* 1864 – Richard Harding Davis, American author ( d. 1916 )

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Plymouth begins – Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina.

* 1823 – Charles I of Württemberg, King of Württemberg from 1864 ( d. 1891 )

The differences between tantalum and niobium were unequivocally demonstrated in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as Louis J. Troost, who determined the formulas of some of the compounds in 1865 and finally by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1866, who all proved that there were only two elements.

The other major contributors were John Rogers Herbert, finishing in 1864 but having had some commissions cancelled, Charles West Cope who worked until 1869, Edward Matthew Ward until 1874, Edward Armitage, George Frederic Watts, John Callcott Horsley, John Tenniel and Daniel Maclise.

* 1819 – Louise Marie Thérèse d ' Artois, French wife of Charles III, Duke of Parma ( d. 1864 )

* March 13 – Charles Lot Church, Nova Scotia politician ( d. 1864 )

Charles Dickens Our Mutual Friend ( written in the years 1864 – 65 ) describes the river in a grimmer light.

* Charles Sealsfield ( 1793 – 1864 ), writer

* Charles Murray ( poet ) ( 1864 – 1941 ), poet who wrote in the Doric dialect of Scots

* 1864 – Charles Tellier patented a refrigeration system using dimethyl ether

To celebrate the 300th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth in 1864 the brewer, Charles Edward Flower, instigated the building of a temporary wooden theatre, known as the Tercentenary Theatre, which was built in a part of the brewer's large gardens on what is today the site of the new, and temporary, Courtyard Theatre.

Also popular was Zaner-Bloser Script, introduced by Charles Paxton Zaner ( 15 February 1864 – 1 December 1918 ) and Elmer Ward Bloser ( 6 November 1865 – 1929 ) of the Zanerian Business College.

* Charles Russell Lowell ( 1835 – 1864 ), Union General and American Civil War hero

* Charles Herbert Woodbury ( 1864 – 1942 ), American painter

The composer of Faust, Charles Gounod, wrote Valentine's aria " Even bravest heart " for him in 1864.

In the spring of 1864, New Brunswick premier Samuel Leonard Tilley, Nova Scotia premier Charles Tupper, and Prince Edward Island premier John Hamilton Gray were contemplating the idea of a Maritime Union which would join their three colonies together.

An 1864 photo by Julia Margaret Cameron of her husband, Charles Hay Cameron ( 1795-1881 ).

The settlement was founded on 24 August 1864 and named by Colonel William Moule after Captain John Fane Charles Hamilton, the popular Scottish commander of HMS Esk, who was killed in the battle of Gate Pā, Tauranga.

Originally named Sawamish County, it took its present name in 1864 in honor of Charles H. Mason, the first Secretary of Washington Territory.

On November 17, 1866, the fort was renamed Fort Harker in honor of General Charles Garrison Harker who had died on June 27, 1864, from wounds received in an abortive offensive action in the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain.

St. Charles was settled in May 1864 by Mormon pioneers.

In 1864, the Utah Territorial Legislature created Richland County ( shortened to Rich in 1868 ) for the Bear Lake Valley settlements with St. Charles as its county seat.

In 1864, Charles Sanford, of Madison County, New York, purchased of land where the village is now located, along with of pine land.

Charles Sanford moved there in May 1864.

* Charles Garrison Harker ( 1837 – 1864 ), brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War