Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( d. 1952 )

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Siege of Petersburg is broken – Union troops capture the trenches around Petersburg, Virginia, forcing Confederate General Robert E. Lee to retreat.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia ( 26, 765 troops ) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war.

* 1865 – American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.

In 1865 – 66 William Robert Hicks was mayor of Bodmin, when he revived the custom of Beating the bounds of the town.

In 1865 Robert Roberts published a collection of Scottish psalms and hymns called The Golden Harp ( which was subtitled " Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs, compiled for the use of Immersed Believers in ' The Things concerning the Kingdom of God and the Name of Jesus Christ '").

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.

* 1805 – Robert FitzRoy, English navy officer and meteorologist ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch – in far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Confederate victory.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.

* Rafuse, Ethan S. Robert E. Lee and the Fall of the Confederacy, 1863 – 1865 ( 2008 ) excerpt and text search

* 1865: In George MacDonald's novel Alec Forbes of Howglen, the character Annie Anderson is raised by her stingy relative Robert Bruce.

In 1975, Robert E. Lee's citizenship was restored by a joint congressional resolution, retroactive to June 13, 1865.

* July 12 – Robert Henri, American painter ( b. 1865 )

* December 16 – Robert W. Chambers, American writer ( b. 1865 )

His eldest son Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet, served as Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1861 to 1865.

In June 1865, three months after Robert E. Lee ’ s surrender at Appomattox, General W. T. Sherman was given his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi and later the Military Division of the Missouri.

On June 25, 1865, two months after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, Stand Watie became the last Confederate General to stand down.

* Hugh Denison ( 1865 – 1940 ), Australian businessman, born Hugh Robert Dixson.

The High Bridge played a key role during Confederate General Robert E. Lee's final retreat from Petersburg to Appomattox Courthouse, where the surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant took place in April, 1865.

* Appomattox Courthouse: The site of the Battle of Appomattox Court House, where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War.

This was the first in several attempts by the Union General Ulysses S. Grant to cut Robert E. Lee's final supply line — the South Side Railroad — in the spring 1865.

On April 9, 1865, Confederate General Robert E. Lee met with Union General Ulysses S. Grant at the village of Appomattox Court House.

During the Civil War General Robert E. Lee and his Army spent April 4 and 5, 1865 at Amelia Courthouse before his surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.