* 1875 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.

* 1875 – Katharine McCormick, American biologist, philanthropist, and activist ( d. 1967 )

* 1875 – Albert Ketèlbey, English conductor, composer, and pianist ( d. 1959 )

Albert Schweitzer, OM ( 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965 ) was a German and then French theologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary.

Aleister Crowley ( ; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 )| deadurl = no

* Sir William Buell Richards ( Chief Justice ) – September 30, 1875

* Télesphore Fournier – September 30, 1875

* William Alexander Henry – September 30, 1875

* Sir William Johnstone Ritchie – September 30, 1875

* Sir Samuel Henry Strong – September 30, 1875

* Jean-Thomas Taschereau – September 30, 1875

Franciszek Bujak ( 1875 – 1953 ) and Jan Rutkowski ( 1886 – 1949 ), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych ( 1931 – ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school.

* 1875 – Artur Bernardes, Brazilian politician, 12th President of Brazil ( d. 1955 )

* 1875 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer ( d. 1912 )

* 1875 – Stjepan Seljan, Croatian explorer ( d. 1936 )

* Albert I of Belgium ( 1875 – 1934 ), third King of the Belgians

* 1875 – Captain Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 22 hours.

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

* 1875 – William Eccles, English physicist ( d. 1966 )

* 1875 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter and sculptor ( d. 1946 )

* Alfons Karpiński ( 1875 – 1961 ), Polish painter

* 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer ( d. 1875 )

* 1875 – Leonid Gobyato, Russian general ( d. 1915 )

* 1875 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer ( d. 1956 )

* 1917 – Feliks Leparsky, Russian fencer ( b. 1875 )

* 1875 – Alexander Goldenweiser, Russian pianist, teacher, and composer ( d. 1961 )

* 1875 – Anatoly Lunacharsky, Russian literary critic and politician ( d. 1933 )

* 1875 – Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter ( d. 1958 )

* 1817 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian poet, author, and playwright ( d. 1875 )

He was rector of the university from 1875 until 1878, when he retired as Emeritus Professor and received the title of verkligt statsråd ( Russian: действительный статский советник ; literally " state councillor ", a Russian honorary title ).

* June 23 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer ( b. 1875 )

* August 24 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer ( d. 1875 )

In 1875 Edmund Dzerzhinsky retired due to health conditions and moved with his family to his estate near Ivyanets and Rakaw, Russian Empire ( today Belarus ).

* September 5-Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian poet, dramatist and novelist ( died 1875 )

In 1874 and again in 1875, he presided over the Reunion Conferences held at Bonn and attended by leading ecclesiastics from the British Isles and from the Oriental non-Roman Churches, among whom were Bishop Christopher Wordsworth of Lincoln ; Bishop Harold Browne of Ely ; Lord Plunket, archbishop of Dublin ; Lycurgus, Greek Orthodox archbishop of Syros and Tenos ; Canon Liddon ; and the Russian Orthodox Professor Ossmnine of St. Petersburg.

His father, George Emmanuel Tatischeff, born in 1875 in Paris ( d. 1957 ), was the son of Dmitriy Tatischeff ( Дмитрий Татищев ), General of the Imperial Russian Army and military attaché to the Russian Embassy in Paris.

Eugen Schauman ( 10 May 1875 in Kharkov, Russian Empire – 16 June 1904 in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire ) was a Finnish nationalist and nobleman who assassinated the Governor-General Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov.

The ( Russian: Петербургский договор ) was signed on 7 May 1875 between the Empire of Japan and Empire of Russia.

Otto Strandman was born on 30 November 1875 in the village of Vandu, Undla Parish, Viru County, then part of the Governorate of Estonia of the Russian Empire.

In 1875 the Uniate bishopric was liquidated by the Russian authorities and all of the local Uniates were forcibly converted to the Russian Orthodox Church.

Dowden's first book, Shakespeare, his Mind and Art ( 1875 ), resulted from a revision of a course of lectures, and made him widely known as a critic: translations appeared in German and Russian ; his Poems ( 1876 ) went into a second edition.