Lewis Henry Morgan ( 1818 – 1881 ), a lawyer from Rochester, New York, became an advocate for and ethnological scholar of the Iroquois.

* Albert Austin ( 1881 – 1953 ), British / American actor

* 1881 – Karl Staaf, Swedish athlete ( d. 1953 )

* 1881 – Leo Carrillo, American actor ( d. 1961 )

* 1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1955 )

* 1881 – Louella Parsons, American columnist ( d. 1972 )

In Australia, the grounds currently used are The Gabba in Brisbane ( first staged an England – Australia Test in the 1932 – 33 season ), Adelaide Oval ( 1884 – 85 ), The WACA, Perth ( 1970 – 71 ) the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) ( 1876 – 77 ) and the Sydney Cricket Ground ( SCG ) ( 1881 – 82 ).

Julius's wife, Alan's mother, was Ethel Sara ( née Stoney ; 1881 – 1976 ), daughter of Edward Waller Stoney, chief engineer of the Madras Railways.

* 1881 – Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician ( d. 1940 )

* Haliotis pourtalesii Dall, 1881 – the Pourtale ’ s abalone

* 1881 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal ( d. 1954 )

* 1881 – In Dodge City, Kansas, Bat Masterson fights his last gun battle.

* 1881 – Francis Ford, American actor ( d. 1953 )

* 1881 – Edward Siegler, American gymnast ( d. 1942 )

* 1881 – Alfred Wagenknecht, German-American activist ( d. 1956 )

* 1881 – Cecil B. DeMille, American director ( d. 1959 )

* 1881 – George Enescu, Romanian composer ( d. 1955 )

Aga Khan I (; or, less commonly but more correctly (; ), was the title accorded to Hasan Ali Shah (; ; 1804 in Kohak, Iran – 1881 in Bombay, India ), the governor of Kirman, 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and prominent Muslim leader in Iran and later in the Indian Subcontinent.

* Alexander II of Russia ( 1818 – 1881 ), emperor of Russia

* Alexander II of Russia ( 1818 – 1881 ), Emperor of Russia

Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova (; June 16, 1881 – October 17, 1962 ) was a Russian avant-garde artist ( Cubo-Futurism ), painter, costume designer, writer, illustrator, and set designer.

Natalia Goncharova was born in Nagaevo village near Tula, Russia in 1881.

* October 17-Natalia Goncharova, Russian avant-garde artist ( b. 1881 ).

* 1969 – Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov, Russian politician ( b. 1881 )

Between 1881 and 1910 all Russian cavalry ( other than Cossacks and Imperial Guard regiments ) were designated as dragoons ; reflecting an emphasis on dismounted action in their training and a growing acceptance of the impracticality of employing historical cavalry tactics against modern firepower.

* 1881 – Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist ( b. 1821 )

* 1881 – Mikhail Larionov, Russian painter ( d. 1964 )

* 1881 – Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician ( d. 1970 )

* 1839 – Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Russian composer ( d. 1881 )

* 1794 – Konstantin Thon, Russian architect ( d. 1881 )

* 1821 – Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian writer ( d. 1881 )

* 1881 – Mikhail Drozdovsky, Russian general ( d. 1918 )

* January 23 – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina ( b. 1881 )

* 13 March 1881 — Assassination of the Tsar of the Russian Empire Alexander II of Russia.

* 1881 – 1885: Stefan Drzewiecki of Podolia, Russian Empire finishes his submarine-building project ( which had begun in 1879 ).

* March 21 – Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer ( d. 1881 )

* November 11 – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer ( d. 1881 )

The repeated waves of pogroms that swept Eastern Europe in the 19th and early 20th century prompted mass Jewish emigration ( more than 2 million Russian Jews emigrated in the period 1881 – 1920 ).

Ashgabat is a relatively young city, growing out of a village of the same name established by Russian officers in 1881.

Like Lawrence, Russian artist Nicolai Fechin ( 1881 – 1955 ) suffered from tuberculosis and found Taos helpful for managing his health.

After attempting to govern under these conditions for nearly two years, the prince, with the consent of the Russian tsar, Alexander assumed absolute power, having suspended the Constitution ( 9 May 1881 ).

These included leading figures of the European ' Enlightenment ' including the philosophers Voltaire, 1694 – 1778 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 – 1778 ); the future US Presidents John Adams ( 1735 – 1826 ) and Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ); Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ); the German landscape artist Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau ; the Italian statesman Giuseppe Garibaldi ( 1807 – 1882 ); Russian Tsars Nicholas I ( 1796 – 1855 ) and Alexander I ( 1777 – 1825 ); the king of Persia ; Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ) and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg ( 1819 – 61 ); Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 – 1832 ); Prince Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ); Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) and Sir Robert Walpole ( 1676 – 1745 ); Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( 1683 – 1737 ); John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute ( 1713 – 92 ) his architect William Burges ( 1827 – 1881 ) and the present Prince of Wales and Princess Margaret.

Significant pogroms in the Russian Empire included the Odessa pogroms, Warsaw pogrom ( 1881 ), Kishinev pogrom ( 1903 ), Kiev Pogrom ( 1905 ) and the Białystok pogrom ( 1906 ).

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, " the term is usually applied to attacks on Jews in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the first extensive pogroms followed the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881 ," and the Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789 states that pogroms " were antisemitic disturbances that periodically occurred within the tsarist empire.

In 1881, Balakirev was offered the directorship of the Moscow Conservatory, along with the conductorship of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society.

* Juliusz Rómmel ( 1881 – 1967 ), Polish and Russian military officer, General of the Polish Army

There he gained a Bachelor's degree in 1881, and then completed a Master of Arts degree in 1882 ; his main subjects being Finnish, Russian and Scandinavian History.