* 1919 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi orders a general strike.

* 1919 – Georgios Mylonas, Greek politician ( d. 1998 )

* 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1919 – Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader ( d. 1991 )

* 1864 – Hermann Weingärtner, German gymnast ( d. 1919 )

* 1870 – Amado Nervo, Mexican poet ( d. 1919 )

* 1919 – Murray Grand, American singer-songwriter and pianist ( d. 2007 )

* 1871 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer ( d. 1919 )

* 1919 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player and manager ( d. 2010 )

* 1919 – Joop den Uyl, Dutch politician ( d. 1987 )

* 1919 – Rex Humbard, American preacher and television host ( d. 2007 )

* 1919 – George Shearing, English-American pianist ( d. 2011 )

* 1919 – Nehemiah Persoff, American actor

* 1919 – The Staatliches Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.

* 2001 – Olivia Barclay, British astrologer ( b. 1919 )

* 1856 – Alfred Deakin, Australian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia ( d. 1919 )

* 2009 – Nikolaos Makarezos, Greek army officer ( b. 1919 )

The second generation was led by Fernand Braudel ( 1902 – 1985 ) and included Georges Duby ( 1919 – 1996 ), Pierre Goubert ( 1915 – 2012 ), Robert Mandrou ( 1921 – 1984 ), Pierre Chaunu ( 1923 – 2009 ), Jacques Le Goff ( 1924 – ) and Ernest Labrousse ( 1895 – 1988 ).

* 1879 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican general ( d. 1919 )

* Benedict Kiely ( 1919 – 2007 ), writer and broadcaster

They are represented in the US by two National Organizations, The American Naturopathic Association ( ANA ) founded in 1919 by Benedict Lust, representing about 5000 practitioners, and the American Naturopathic Medical Association ( ANMA ) founded in 1981 and representing about 4000 practitioners with several levels of certification.

* Benedict Kiely ( 1919 – 2007 ) – author ( Land Without Stars )

On 30 November 1919, Benedict XV appealed to all Catholics worldwide to sacrifice for Catholic missions, stating at the same time in Maximum Illud, that these missions should foster local culture and not import European cultures.

His Apostolic Exhortations include Ubi Primum ( 8 September 1914 ), Allorché fummo chiamati ( 28 July 1915 ) and Dès le début ( 1 August 1917 ) The Papal bulls of Benedict XV include Incruentum Altaris ( 10 August 1915 ), Providentissima Mater ( 27 May 1917 ) Sedis huius ( 14 May 1919 ), and Divina disponente ( 16 May 1920 ).

Maximum Illud is an apostolic letter of Benedict XV issued on 30 November 1919 in the sixth year of his pontificate.

He found encouragement in a number of bills before Congress proposing a Department of Aeronautics that included an air force separate from either the Army and Navy, primarily legislation introduced in August 1919 by Senator Harry New ( Rep-Indiana ), influenced by the recommendations of a fact-finding commission sent to Europe under the direction of Assistant Secretary of War Benedict Crowell in early 1919 that contradicted the findings of Army boards and advocated an independent air force.

It was made a minor basilica in 1919 by Pope Benedict XV.

Following the death of Cardinal Farley in September 1918, Hayes was appointed by Pope Benedict XV the fifth Archbishop of New York on March 10, 1919.

In December 1919, Pope Benedict XV publicly announced his support for Save the Children, and declared December 28 ' Innocents Day ' in order to collect donations

The dogma was affirmed repeatedly by the Roman Catholic Church and within Roman Catholic theology, e. g. at the Council of Lyon, 1274 ( Dz § 465 ); by Pope Benedict XII, 1341 ( Dz § 544 ); by Pope Clement VI, 1351 ( Dz § 574a ); at the Council of Constance, 1418 ( Dz § 583 ); at the Council of Florence, 1439 ( Dz § 698 ); by Pope Julius III at the Council of Trent, 1551 ( Dz § 874 ); by Pope Benedict XIV, 1743 ( Dz § 1469 ); by Pope Pius VI, 1794 ( Dz § 1529 ); and by Pope Leo XIII, 1887 ( Dz § 1919 ), inter alia.

In 1919 Pope Benedict XV urged the college of bishops around the world to assist him in promoting the labor reforms first articulated by Pope Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum.

The formation of the PPI, with the permission of Pope Benedict XV, represented a tacit and reluctant reversal of the Vatican ’ s Non Expedit policy of non-participation in Italian politics, officially abolished before the November 1919 elections, in which the PPI won 20. 6 % of the vote and 100 seats in the legislature.

Pope Benedict XV promoted Bishop Kelly to Bishop of Grand Rapids on January 16, 1919, and was installed on the following May 20.

On November 15, 1919, Murray was appointed auxiliary bishop of Hartford and titular bishop of Flavias by Pope Benedict XV.

Benedict XV created him Cardinal-Priest of San Giovanni a Porta Latina in the consistory of December 15, 1919.

In 1919, she was crowned Queen of Jalisco by the Pope Benedict XV and in 1940 Pope Pius XII made her church a basilica.

Sinn Féin won 73 out of 105 seats in Ireland at the general election held in December 1918, and in January 1919 organised themselves as the First Dáil, which then declared an independent Irish Republic.

In the same month the Irish Republican Army began the Irish War of Independence, a guerrilla campaign against British rule ; in 1919 this consisted of attacks on the Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC ).

The CIRA considers itself a direct continuation of the Irish Republican Army ( the army of the unilaterally-declared 1919 – 1922 Irish Republic ) that fought in the Irish War of Independence ; as such, its supporters regard it as the national army of a 32 county Irish Republic.

Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland ( 1171 – 1541 ), Kingdom of Ireland ( 1541 – 1800 ), island as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1801 – 1922 ), and the Irish Republic ( 1919 – 1922 ).

In January 1919, the elected members of Sinn Féin who were not still in prison at the time, including survivors of the Rising, convened the First Dáil and established the Irish Republic.

* Murray, Thomas ( 1919 ) The Story of the Irish in Argentina

In 1919, the Irish Republic that had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising was formally established by an elected assembly ( Dáil Éireann ), and the Irish Volunteers were recognised by Dáil Éireann as its legitimate army.

Thereafter, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland in the 1919 – 21 Irish War of Independence.

It was subsequently, and most commonly, used for those Volunteers who fought a guerrilla campaign in 1919 – 1921 in support of the Irish Republic declared in 1919.

The political violence that broke out across Ireland in 1919, and which continued on and off until 1923, had its origins in Irish nationalist demands for Home Rule within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and unionist resistance to those demands.

The fear was increased when, on the very day the new national parliament was meeting, 21 January 1919, members of the IRA Third Tipperary Brigade led by Seán Treacy and Dan Breen seized a quantity of gelignite and two Royal Irish Constabulary constables ( James McDonnell and Patrick O ' Connell ) were shot dead in the process.

Attacks on remote Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC ) barracks continued throughout 1919 and 1920, forcing the police to consolidate defensively in the larger towns, effectively placing large areas of the countryside in the hands of the Republicans.

Wall plaque marking the site in 1919, where the Active Service Unit of the Dublin Brigade of the Irish Republican Army was founded.

The first, in 1919, involved the re-organisation of the Irish Volunteers as a guerrilla army.

In 1919, Collins, the IRA's Director of Intelligence, organised the " Squad "— an assassination unit based in Dublin which killed police involved in intelligence work ; the Irish playwright Brendan Behan's father Stephen Behan was a member of this squad.

The most contentious areas of the Treaty for the IRA were abolition of the Irish Republic declared in 1919, the status of the Irish Free State as a dominion in the British Commonwealth and the British retention of the so called Treaty Ports on Ireland's south coast.