* Neil Postman, ( 1931 – 2003 ) author, media theorist and cultural critic,

Alfons Maria Jakob ( 2 July 1884, Aschaffenburg / Bavaria – 17 October 1931, Hamburg ) was a German neurologist with important contributions on neuropathology.

* 1866 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church ( d. 1931 )

* 1931 – Baba Ram Dass, American Hindu spiritual teacher

* 1931 – Ivan Dixon, American actor and director ( d. 2008 )

* 1931 – Leonid Derbenyov, Russian poet and songwriter ( d. 1995 )

* 1931 – Sri Chinmoy, Bengali-American spiritual teacher, poet, and painter ( d. 2007 )

* 1931 – Joe Cunningham, American baseball player

* 1931 – Chalmers Johnson, American scholar and author ( d. 2010 )

* 1931 – Chuck Essegian, American baseball player

* 1931 – Mário Zagallo, Brazilian footballer and coach

* 1931 – Pierre DuMaine, American bishop

* 1931 – Eddie Fuller, South African cricketer ( d. 2008 )

* 1931 – Viliam Schrojf, Slovak footballer ( d. 2007 )

* 1931 – Ramblin ' Jack Elliott, American singer-songwriter

* 1931 – Trevor Goddard, South African cricketer

* 1958 – Peter Collins, English race car driver ( b. 1931 )

Franciszek Bujak ( 1875 – 1953 ) and Jan Rutkowski ( 1886 – 1949 ), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych ( 1931 – ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school.

* 1862 – Victoria of Baden ( d. 1931 )

* 1868 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian mathematician ( d. 1931 )

* 1879 – Johannes Kotze, South African cricketer ( d. 1931 )

* 1931 – Charles E. Rice, American scholar and author

* 1931 – Roger Penrose, English physicist

When the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, he fled and left Spain, but did not abdicate the throne.

The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic was much celebrated in the city on 14 April 1931.

Claude Piron ( 26 February 1931 – 22 January 2008 ) was a psychologist and a translator for the United Nations ( from Chinese, English, Russian and Spanish into French ) from 1956 to 1961.

* 1931 – The Constituent Cortes approves the constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.

However three regiments of Spanish dragoons had been reestablished by the 1880s and these continued in existence until the overthrow of the Monarch in 1931.

The reign of Alfonso XIII ( 1886 – 1931 ) saw the Spanish-American War of 1898, culminating in the loss of the Philippines plus Spain's last colonies in the Americas, Cuba and Puerto Rico ; the " Great War " in Europe ( now known as World War I, 1914 – 1918 ), although Spain maintained neutrality throughout the conflict ; the influenza pandemic nicknamed the Spanish Flu ( 1918 – 1919 ); and the Rif War in Morocco ( 1920 – 1926 ).

* 1931 – Juan Goytisolo, Spanish poet, essayist, and novelist

In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic ( 1931 – 1939 ) turned into a civil war would be the prelude of World War II.

At the end of 1931, Beauchamp, Barth, Rickenbacker and with several other individuals banded together and formed the Ro-Pat-In Corporation ( elektRO-PATent-INstruments ) in order to manufacture and distribute electrically amplified musical instruments, with an emphasis upon their newly-developed A-25 Hawaiian Guitar, often referred to as the " Frying Pan " lap-steel electric guitar as well as an Electric Spanish ( standard ) model and companion amplifiers.

* 1931 – Josep Lluís Núñez, Spanish businessman

The other major theatre practitioner to have experimented with surrealism in the theatre is the Spanish playwright and director Federico García Lorca, particularly in his plays The Public ( 1930 ), When Five Years Pass ( 1931 ), and Play Without a Title ( 1935 ).

The Spanish Bourbons ( in Spain the name is spelled Borbón and rendered into English as Borbon ) have been overthrown and restored several times, reigning 1700 – 1808, 1813 – 1868, 1875 – 1931, and 1975 to the present day.

The whole peninsula of Baja California was: the lower part of the Las Californias Province of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain ; and then a single territory of Mexico from 1773 until 1931, when it was divided into Northern and Southern territories.

Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic on 14 April 1931 in Barcelona.

Advocating socialism and Catalan independence, the party achieved a spectacular victory in the municipal elections of April 12, 1931, which preceded the April 14 proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.

In 1931, after the elections that caused the exile of Alfonso XIII of Spain and gave the local majority to his party Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya ( ERC ), Macià proclaimed the Free Catalan Republic in Barcelona, but was forced afterwards to settle for partial autonomy within the new Spanish Republic.

From 1931 to 1936, during the Spanish Second Republic, the badge consisted of a circular shield and had the royal crown in the top replaced by a mural crown.

** Spanish Cup: 1930, 1931, 1931 – 32, 1932 – 33

In 1931, the Spanish Second Republic gave the castle to the city of Palma, along with the forest surrounding it.

In España, aparta de mí este cáliz ( Spain, Take This Chalice from Me ), Vallejo takes the Spanish Civil War ( 1936 – 39 ) as a living representation of a struggle between good and evil forces, where he advocates for the triumph of mankind symbolised in the salvation of the Second Spanish Republic ( 1931 – 39 ) that was being attacked by fascist allied forces led by General Franco.