* 1939 – 1945, the Second Battle of the Atlantic.

Subsequent formalizations were framed as attempts to define " effective calculability " or " effective method "; those formalizations included the Gödel – Herbrand – Kleene recursive functions of 1930, 1934 and 1935, Alonzo Church's lambda calculus of 1936, Emil Post's " Formulation 1 " of 1936, and Alan Turing's Turing machines of 1936 – 7 and 1939.

* 1890 – Anthony Fokker, Dutch aviation engineer ( d. 1939 )

* 1939 – André Ouellet, French-Canadian politician

* 1852 – Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician ( d. 1939 )

* 1939 – Alan Ayckbourn, English writer

* 1939 – Johnny Raper, Australian rugby league footballer

* 1939 – The 1939-40 New York World's Fair opens.

* 1939 – NBC inaugurates its regularly scheduled television service in New York City, broadcasting President Franklin D. Roosevelt's N. Y. World's Fair opening day ceremonial address.

* 1939 – First flight of the turbojet-powered Heinkel He 178, the world's first jet aircraft.

* 1939 – William Least Heat-Moon, American author

* 1939 – Edward Patten, American singer-songwriter and producer ( Gladys Knight & the Pips ) ( d. 2005 )

* 1939 – Bulle Ogier, French actress

* 1939 – Romano Prodi, Italian politician and statesman

* 1939 – Hércules Brito Ruas, Brazilian footballer

* 1939 – Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.

* 1939 – Benjamin Barber, American theorist

* 1939 – Wes Craven, American director

* 1939 – John W. Snow, American politician, 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury

* 1984 – Marvin Gaye, American singer ( The Moonglows ) ( b. 1939 )

* 2001 – Trinh Cong Son, Vietnamese composer ( b. 1939 )

Eastern European theorists include Pyotr Stolypin ( 1862 – 1911 ) and Alexander Chayanov ( 1888 – 1939 ) in Russia ; Adolph Wagner ( 1835 – 1917 ), and Karl Oldenberg in Germany, and Bolesław Limanowski ( 1835 – 1935 ) in Poland.

: One day, and unless I am mistaken it was in the spring of 1939, I met Moro-Giafferi on Boulevard St. Michel, and I asked him for news of Grunspahn ( sic ) for whom he was the defence lawyer.

Most famous Belgian authors are: Guido Gezelle ( 1830 – 1899 ), Emile Verhaeren ( 1855 – 1916 ), Max Elskamp ( 1862 – 1931 ), Maurice Maeterlinck ( 1862 – 1949 ), Paul van Ostaijen ( 1896 – 1926 ), Henri Michaux ( French born and educated in Belgium, 1899 – 1984 ) and Jacques Brel ( 1929 – 1978 ) and prose writers: Hendrik Conscience ( 1812 – 1883 ), Charles de Coster ( 1827 – 1879 ), Willem Elsschot ( 1882 – 1960 ), Michel de Ghelderode ( 1898 – 1962 ), Georges Simenon 1903-1989, Louis Paul Boon ( 1912 – 1979 ), Hugo Claus ( 1929 – 2008 ), Pierre Mertens ( born in 1939 ) Ernest Claes ( 1885 – 1968 ), and, Amélie Nothomb ( born in 1967 ).

From 1939 to 1970 Victor Michel improved toy-piano conception.

In 1939, Michel Fokine wrote to Rachmaninoff from Auckland, New Zealand, where he was touring, seeking the composer's approval to use Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini for his ballet Paganini, which he had almost finished choreographing.

Commander of the Allied Military Mission, Michel Lesourd, of the service of Saharan affairs, saw the tree on May 21, 1939:

* Le Dernier Tournant ( The Last Turning ), a 1939 French film directed by Pierre Chenal and starring Michel Simon as Nick

The buildings of St. Michel eventually became too crowded and in 1939 the university moved to a new campus constructed on the former cemetery of Misericorde, ceding St. Michel to one of Fribourg's gymnasia, which took the name College St. Michel.

Michel Debré had four sons: Vincent Debré ( 1939 –), businessman ; François Debré ( 1942 –), journalist ; Bernard Debré ( born in 1944 ), urologist and politician ; and his fraternal twin, Jean-Louis Debré, politician.

The entire play was produced for television in 1939, directed by Michel Saint-Denis and starring another future Oscar-winner, Peggy Ashcroft.

* 1939: Circonstances atténuantes, with Arletty and Michel Simon

It was founded in 1939 as the Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif and was led by Thérèse Casgrain from 1951 to 1957 and by Michel Chartrand from 1957 to 1960.

Following in the tradition of Michel Foucault, scholars such as Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and David Halperin have argued that various Victorian public discourses, notably the psychiatric and the legal, fostered a designation or invention of the " homosexual " as a distinct category of individuals, a category solidified by the publications of sexologists such as Richard von Krafft-Ebing ( 1840 – 1902 ) and Havelock Ellis ( 1859 – 1939 ), sexologists who provided an almost-pathological interpretation of the phenomenon in rather Essentialist terms, an interpretation that led, before 1910, to hundreds of articles on the subject in The Netherlands, Germany, and elsewhere.

* Bouchardon, Pierre, Vacher l ' éventreur, Albin Michel, 1939, 252 p.

* Michel Ximenes ( 1939 –), French politician, lawyer

Considered a leading figure in 20th century French literature, Michel Leiris left a considerable amount of works, as diverse as they are numerous, from autobiographical works such as L ’ Age d ’ homme ( 1939 ), La Règle du jeu ( 1948 – 1976 ) and his Journal 1922-1989 ( published postmortem in 1992 ); art criticism such as Au verso des images ( 1980 ) or Francis Bacon face et profil ( 1983 ); music criticism such as Operratiques ( 1992 ); and scientific contributions such as La Langue secrète des Dogons de Saga ( 1948 ) and Race et civilisation ( 1951 ).

* 1851 – Charles Barrois, French geologist ( d. 1939 )

* 1939 – Louis Trousselier, French cyclist ( b. 1881 )

The city was a Republican stronghold during the Spanish Civil War, and the fall of the city on 26 January 1939 caused a mass exodus of civilians who fled to the French border.

Following the downfall of Czechoslovakia and occupation of its Czech part by Nazi Germany in 1939, Czechoslovak units and formations served with the Polish Army ( Czechoslovak Legion ), the French Army, the Royal Air Force, the British Army ( the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade ), and the Red Army ( I Corps ).

* 1876 – Eugène-Henri Gravelotte, French fencer ( d. 1939 )

In 1939, Nagib Mahfuz wrote the novel Khufu's Wisdom, which leans on the stories of Papyrus Westcar ; In 1997, French author Guy Brachet composed the novel series Le roman des pyramides, including five volumes, of which the first two ( Le temple soleil and Rêve de pierre ) are picking out Khufu and his tomb as a theme.

That aggressive strategy worked as Germany pulled out of the League of Nations ( 1933 ), rejected the Versailles Treaty and began to re-arm ( 1935 ), won back the Saar ( 1935 ), remilitarized the Rhineland ( 1936 ), formed an alliance (" axis ") with Mussolini's Italy ( 1936 ), sent massive military aid to Franco in the Spanish Civil War ( 1936 – 39 ), seized Austria ( 1938 ), took over Czechoslovakia after the British and French appeasement of the Munich Agreement of 1938, formed a peace pact with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union in August 1939, and finally invaded Poland in September 1939.

* 1873 – Georges Ricard-Cordingley, French painter ( d. 1939 )

Cousteau also belonged to the information service of the French Navy, and was sent on missions to Shanghai and Japan ( 1935 – 1938 ) and in the USSR ( 1939 ).

In 1939 Sartre was drafted into the French army, where he served as a meteorologist.

As part of the fierce diplomatic competition in Ankara in the spring and summer of 1939 between von Papen on the one hand, and on the other the French Ambassador, René Massigli, and the British Ambassador, Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, to win the allegiance of Turkey to either the Axis or the Allies, Ribbentrop suffered a major reversal in July 1939 when Massigli was able to arrange for major French arms shipments to Turkey on credit, to replace the weapons the Germans refused to deliver to the Turks.

In June 1939, Franco-German relations were strained when the head of the French section of the Dienststelle Ribbentrop, Otto Abetz, was expelled from France following allegations that he had bribed two French newspaper editors to print pro-German articles.

In July 1939, Ribbentrop's claims about Bonnet's alleged statement of December 1938 were to lead to a lengthy war of words via a series of letters to the French newspapers between Bonnet and Ribbentrop over just what precisely Bonnet had said to Ribbentrop.

In the spring and summer of 1939, Ribbentrop used Bonnet's alleged statement to convince Hitler that France would not go to war in the defence of Poland, despite the frequent denials by Bonnet that he ever made such a statement ( which would not have been legally binding even had Bonnet had made the alleged statement ; only a formal renunciation of the Franco-Polish treaty by the French National Assembly would end the French commitment to Poland ).

Many of the toponyms in the island go back to Father Emmanuel Rougier, a French priest who leased the island from 1917 to 1939 and planted some 800, 000 coconut trees there.

* 1939 – Pierre Desproges, French humorist ( d. 1988 )

Bloch's own ideas on rural history were best expressed in his masterworks, French Rural History ( Les caractères originaux de l ' histoire rurale française, 1931 ) and Feudal Society ( 1939 ).