A decade and a half later, the Polish anthropology student, Bronisław Malinowski ( 1884 – 1942 ), was beginning what he expected to be a brief period of fieldwork in the old model, collecting lists of cultural items, when the outbreak of the First World War stranded him in New Guinea.

He was the fourth child of Ondrej Varchola ( Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889 – 1942 ) and Júlia ( née Zavacká, 1892 – 1972 ), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U. S. Andy had two older brothers, Paul, born about 1923, and John, born about 1925.

* 1942 – Barry Levinson, American producer and director

* 1942 – Carlos Reutemann, Argentine race car driver and politician

* 1942 – Jacob Zuma, African politician, President of South Africa

* 1942 – Daryl Dragon, American keyboardist ( Captain & Tennille )

* 1942 – Brian Peckford, Canadian politician, 3rd Premier of Newfoundland

* 1942 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress.

* 1942 – George Jung, American convicted drug smuggler

* 1942 – Byard Lancaster, American saxophonist ( d. 2012 )

* 1942 – Indian leader Mohanda Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces, launching the Quit India Movement.

* 1942 – World War II: Battle of Savo Island – Allied naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal are surprised and defeated by an Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser force.

* 1942 – Tommie Agee, American baseball player ( d. 2001 )

* 1942 – Jack DeJohnette, American drummer, pianist, and composer ( Gateway and Trio Beyond )

* 1942 – David Steinberg, Canadian comedian, actor, director, and author

* 1942 – Major General Eugene Reybold of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the " Development of Substitute Materials " project, better known as the Manhattan Project.

* 1872 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate ( d. 1942 )

* 1942 – Isabel Allende, Chilean author

* 2012 – Jamaa Fanaka, American director, producer, and screenwriter ( b. 1942 )

* 1942 – André Gagnon, Canadian pianist and composer

* 1942 – Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist ( Grateful Dead, Legion of Mary, Reconstruction, Old and in the Way, and New Riders of the Purple Sage ) ( d. 1995 )

* 1942 – Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor

* 1942 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1872 )

* 1942 – World War II: The October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins as United States Marine Corps forces attack Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River.

* 1942 – The last day of the October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps forces withdraw back across the Matanikau River after destroying most of the Imperial Japanese Army's 4th Infantry Regiment.

* 1942 – World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins U. S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.

* 1942 – Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.

Elements of the Americal Division defended Henderson Field against heavy enemy attacks on 23 – 25 October 1942, and the following month took part in the offensive across the Matanikau River.

Munro received the award posthumously for his actions as officer-in-charge of a group of landing craft on September 27, 1942, during the September Matanikau action in the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II.

In this capacity, he was one of the primary leaders in the Matanikau actions from September 23 to October 9, 1942.

After the German ball bearing " bottleneck " had been identified in 1942 and ball bearings had been named the second-most-vital Pointblank industry for the Combined Bomber Offensive in March 1943, Schweinfurt's ball bearing plants were selected for a second air raid after being bombed during the August Schweinfurt – Regensburg mission.

* Air Offensive, Europe: July 4, 1942 – June 5, 1944

* The Second Enemy Offensive, the coordinated Axis attack conducted in January 1942 against Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia.

* The Third Enemy Offensive, an offensive against Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia, Montenegro, Sandžak and Herzegovina which took place in the spring of 1942.

In January and February 1942, the division fought against the Soviet Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive, some 150 kilometers west of Moscow.

* January – April Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive ( 1942 ) – disastrous Soviet attempt to cut off the Rzhev salient

# First Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive Operation () ( 30. 07. 42-23. 08. 42, other sources say ending on 30. 09 or 01. 10 in 1942 ) by the forces of the Kalinin Front and Western Front

During the Soviet winter counter-offensive of 1941, and the Rzhev-Vyazma Strategic Offensive Operation ( 8 January 1942-20 April 1942 ), German forces were pushed back from Moscow.

This operation resulted in the complete elimination of the trapped Soviet forces on 12 July, the attempted rescue of 2nd Shock Army ( 13 May 1942-10 July 1942 ) and the Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive Operation ( 30 July 1942-23 August 1942 ).

The next Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive ( 25 November 1942-20 December 1942 ) codenamed Operation Mars.

: Sychevka Offensive Operation 24 November 1942-14 December 1942

: Belyi Offensive Operation 25 November 1942-16 December 1942

: Luchesa Offensive Operation 25 November 1942-11 December 1942

: Molodoi Tud Offensive Operation 25 November 1942-23 December 1942

On the Eastern Front the German army used the tactic successfully during the Soviet winter advances, notably in the Battle of Moscow in 1941, in the Second Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive in November 1942, and in the battle around Orel during Operation Saturn in February 1943.

As part of the Western Front the 5th Army then took part in the Operation of Rzhev-Vyazma, including the Second Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive in November – December 1942.

The encirclement began as the Demyansk Offensive Operation, the first phase being carried out from 7 January-20 May 1942 on the initiative of General Lieutenant Pavel Kurochkin, commander of Northwestern Front.

This incorporated the previous Front's planning into the Toropets-Kholm Offensive Operation between 9 January and 6 February 1942 which formed the southern pincer of the attack that, beginning the second phase of the northern pincer Demyansk Offensive Operation between 7 January and 20 May, which encircled the German 16th Army's ( Generaloberst Ernst Busch ) IInd, and parts of the Xth Army Corps ( General der Artillerie Christian Hansen ) during winter 1941 / 1942.

Offensive of the Red Army south of Lake Ilmen 7 January – 21 February 1942.