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Page "Timeline of algorithms" ¶ 61
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encryption and algorithm
* Blowfish ( cipher ), encryption algorithm
A common misconception is to use inverse order of encryption as decryption algorithm ( i. e. first XORing P17 and P18 to the ciphertext block, then using the P-entries in reverse order ).
In all, the Blowfish encryption algorithm will run 521 times to generate all the subkeys-about 4KB of data is processed.
The decryption algorithm D is defined to be the inverse function of encryption, i. e., D = E < sup >− 1 </ sup >.
In cryptography, a cipher ( or cypher ) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
In a symmetric key algorithm ( e. g., DES and AES ), the sender and receiver must have a shared key set up in advance and kept secret from all other parties ; the sender uses this key for encryption, and the receiver uses the same key for decryption.
In an asymmetric key algorithm ( e. g., RSA ), there are two separate keys: a public key is published and enables any sender to perform encryption, while a private key is kept secret by the receiver and enables only him to perform correct decryption.
A key should therefore be large enough that a brute force attack ( possible against any encryption algorithm ) is infeasible – i. e., would take too long to execute.
As of 2002, an asymmetric key length of 1024 bits was generally considered the minimum necessary for the RSA encryption algorithm.
* Content Scramble System, an encryption algorithm in DVDs
The Data Encryption Standard ( DES, or ) is a previously predominant algorithm for the encryption of electronic data.
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.
It is a key element of the RSA algorithm, a public-key encryption method widely used in electronic commerce.
The message is encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, which requires a symmetric key.
As current versions of PGP have added additional encryption algorithms, the degree of their cryptographic vulnerability varies with the algorithm used.
In the very first version of PGP, an encryption algorithm was given the humorous name BassOmatic ( after a skit on Saturday Night Live ) and Pretty Good Privacy itself is named after a Lake Wobegon fictional grocery store named " Ralph's Pretty Good Grocery ".
In other cases ( e. g. DSA ), the algorithm does not resemble any encryption scheme.
* RSA encryption algorithm ( PKCS # 1 )
The RSA algorithm involves three steps: key generation, encryption and decryption.
* Description of the algorithm used for Windows Media encryption
11 September 1999, he had a conversation with " mdx " about how the encryption algorithm in CSS could be found, by using a poorly secured software-based DVD-player.
It was the need to synchronize the scramblers that suggested to James H. Ellis the idea for non-secret encryption which ultimately led to the invention of both the RSA encryption algorithm and Diffie-Hellman key exchange well before either was reinvented publicly by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman, or by Diffie and Hellman.
The algorithm provides no cryptographic security, and is often cited as a canonical example of weak encryption.
The encryption algorithm is:

encryption and by
The Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) in 2002.
AES is available in many different encryption packages, and is the first publicly accessible and open cipher approved by the National Security Agency ( NSA ) for top secret information when used in an NSA approved cryptographic module ( see Security of AES, below ).
The largest successful publicly known brute force attack against any block-cipher encryption was against a 64-bit RC5 key by distributed. net in 2006.
Blowfish is a keyed, symmetric block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in a large number of cipher suites and encryption products.
More formally, a block cipher is specified by an encryption function
Modern encryption methods can be divided by two criteria: by type of key used, and by type of input data.
In response, by the year 2000, most of the major US restrictions on the use of strong encryption were relaxed.
Broadly it deals with protecting specific chunks of data, both physically ( i. e., from corruption, or destruction, or removal ; e. g., see Physical security ), or the interpretation of them, or parts of them to meaningful information ( e. g., by looking at the strings of bits that they comprise, concluding specific valid credit-card numbers ; e. g., see Data encryption ).
Freenet works by storing small encrypted snippets of content distributed on the computers of its users and connecting only through intermediate computers which pass on requests for content and sending them back without knowing the contents of the full file, similar to how routers on the Internet route packets without knowing anything about files — except with caching, a layer of strong encryption, and without reliance on centralized structures.
A CHK is a SHA-256 hash of a document ( after encryption, which itself depends on the hash of the plaintext ) and thus a node can check that the document returned is correct by hashing it and checking the digest against the key.
Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user ; this process is called encryption.
* Alberti was an accomplished cryptographer by the standard of his day, and invented the first polyalphabetic cipher which is now known as the Alberti cipher and machine-assisted encryption using his Cipher Disk.
In PGP, these are used by default in conjunction with encryption, but can be applied to the plaintext as well.
To the best of publicly available information, there is no known method which will allow a person or group to break PGP encryption by cryptographic or computational means.
The cryptographic security of PGP encryption depends on the assumption that the algorithms used are unbreakable by direct cryptanalysis with current equipment and techniques.
Shortly after its release, PGP encryption found its way outside the United States, and in February 1993 Zimmermann became the formal target of a criminal investigation by the US Government for " munitions export without a license ".
In cases addressing other encryption software, however, two federal appeals courts have established the rule that cryptographic software source code is speech protected by the First Amendment ( the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Bernstein case and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Junger case ).
While originally used primarily for encrypting the contents of e-mail messages and attachments from a desktop client, PGP products have been diversified since 2002 into a set of encryption applications which can be managed by an optional central policy server.
PGP encryption applications include e-mail and attachments, digital signatures, laptop full disk encryption, file and folder security, protection for IM sessions, batch file transfer encryption, and protection for files and folders stored on network servers and, more recently, encrypted and / or signed HTTP request / responses by means of a client side ( Enigform ) and a server side ( mod openpgp ) module.
With PGP Desktop 9. x managed by PGP Universal Server 2. x, first released in 2005, all PGP encryption applications are based on a new proxy-based architecture.

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