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* 1991 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia becomes the first elected President of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era.
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1991 and –
Starostin's ( 1991 ) lexicostatistical research claimed that the proposed Altaic groups shared about 15 – 20 % of potential cognates within a 110-word Swadesh-Yakhontov list ( e. g. Turkic – Mongolic 20 %, Turkic – Tungusic 18 %, Turkic – Korean 17 %, Mongolic – Tungusic 22 %, Mongolic – Korean 16 %, Tungusic – Korean 21 %).
A mummified man, determined to be 5, 000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian – Italian border in 1991.
* 1991 – The European Community recognizes the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
* 1991 – Takako Doi, chair of the Social Democratic Party, becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives.
* Party of Labour of Albania, the sole legal political party in Albania during communist rule ( 1946 – 1991 )
1991 and Zviad
* 1991 – Armed opposition groups launch a military coup against President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
In September 1991 his party joined the opposition to the government of the first post-Soviet President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
After Georgia formally seceded from the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, the Supreme Council voted, on April 14, to create the post of executive President, and appointed Zviad Gamsakhurdia to the office pending the holding of direct elections.
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia's son, Zviad, became a notable Soviet-era dissident who was subsequently elected the first President of Georgia in 1991, but died under suspicious circumstances in the civil war in 1993.
In February 1991, his organisation was outlawed by President Zviad Gamsakhurdia and he was imprisoned along with other Mkhedrioni members.
In December 1991, Ioseliani escaped from prison and joined forces with rebel members of the Georgian National Guard to launch a violent coup d ' etat that forced President Zviad Gamsakhurdia out of office in January 1992.
* August 20, 1991-Mütallibov becomes the only Soviet leader besides Zviad Gamsakhurdia to endorse the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 by issuing a statement in Tehran
* Violent and often armed clashes between the Georgian SSR's OMON and the opponents of the first Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia prior to the Georgian Civil War of 1991 – 1993.
The junction was again blocked, this time by the new government of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, in March-April 1991 in an attempt to exert pressure on the central Soviet authorities.
Activity of the opposition against the Government of Zviad Gamsakhurdia caused an acute political dispute, which soon turned violent in the fall of 1991.
Elected to the Supreme Council of Georgia the same year, he was closely associated with Zviad Gamsakhurdia, a Soviet-era dissident who went on to become the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and eventually the President of Georgia in 1991.
He was the prime minister in Zviad Gamsakhurdia ’ s government from 15 November 1990 to 18 August 1991.
President Zviad Gamsakhurdia was ousted in a bloody coup that destroyed the center of Tbilisi between 20 December 1991 and 6 January 1992.
Following Georgia's first democratic parliamentary and presidential elections, President Zviad Gamsakhurdia appointed Aslan Abashidze as the head of the Adjara's Supreme Council on March 15, 1991 hoping that the latter would assist in canceling the autonomous status of the region.
1991 and Gamsakhurdia
On December 27, 1991, U. S. based Helsinki Watch NGO issued a report on Human Rights violations made by the government of Gamsakhurdia.
In the nationwide elections to this post, on May 26, 1991, Gamsakhurdia won a landslide victory, becoming the first President of the Republic of Georgia.
In August 1991, just after the Soviet coup attempt, Gamsakhurdia sacked Tengiz Kitovani, the commander of Georgia's National Guard, and his Prime Minister Tengiz Sigua resigned around the same time.
In December 1991, Kitovani's supporters released Ioseliani from jail and launched a violent coup d ' etat against the Gamsakhurdia government in alliance with the Mkhedrioni.
A stand-off followed because former National Guard leader Tengiz Kitovani's armed supporters withdrew to the outskirts of Tbilisi where they remained until late December 1991 when the power struggle intensified with the opposition claiming that President Gamsakhurdia had left no chance to peaceful settlement of the crisis.
On 20 December 1991, Kitovani's fighters returned in force to begin the final onslaught against Gamsakhurdia.
However, the two men collided in August 1991, when Gamsakhurdia sacked him as National Guard commander.
The confrontation between pro-and anti-Gamsakhurdia factions quickly degenerated into a series of strikes and armed clashes, and eventually, Kitovani, joined by Gamsakhurdia ’ s former Prime Minister Tengiz Sigua and the paramilitary leader Jaba Ioseliani, launched a violent coup in December 1991.
Gamsakhurdia refused to compromise, and his troops forcibly dispersed a large opposition rally in Tbilisi on September 2, 1991.
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