Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

Episcopalianism also revived in the 19th century as the issue of succession receded, becoming established as the Episcopal Church in Scotland in 1804, as an autonomous organisation in communion with the Church of England.

One late medieval doorway survives from this church, and an aumbry from the original church survives within the late 19th Century structure of the present-day Saint Olaf's Church ( Episcopal ) in the town's Dundas Crescent.

As the population grew in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several churches were built to serve the community, such as Calvary Baptist Church, Immaculate Conception Catholic Church, Trinity Episcopal Church, First Methodist Church, and Towson Presbyterian Church.

In 1895, during the 19th century Holiness movement, Methodist Episcopal minister Phineas F. Bresee founded the Church of the Nazarene in Los Angeles with the help of Joseph Pomeroy Widney.

" In the 19th century, the AME Church of Ohio collaborated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, a predominantly white denomination, in sponsoring the second independent historically black college ( HBCU ), Wilberforce University in Ohio.

In Anglo-Catholic and some Episcopal Churches however, the vast majority of roles associated with an altar server are the same as those in the Catholic Church, and the same titles for each individual role are retained from Catholic tradition – mostly restored during the Oxford Movement in the 19th century.

Both Truro Cathedral, ( late 19th – early 20th century ) and St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral, Edinburgh ( late 19th century ) were built in the Gothic Revival style.

Episcopal Divinity School, 19th century

* Henry St. George Tucker ( bishop )-the 19th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church ( 1958 )

The Episcopal area was historically in the Diocese of Canterbury, as the Archbishops of Canterbury lived at Croydon Palace and Addington Palace until the 19th century.

This church continues Apostolic Succession through George D. Cummins who left the Episcopal Church, USA in the 19th century.

Several buildings on the island that are still left over from the 19th century and earlier include the Cray House, a rare remaining example of post and plank construction, the old Stevensville post office ( left, yellow building in center ), Christ Episcopal Church, and the Stevensville Train Depot ( right ).

Such is the teaching of the Episcopal Church of the Sudan which dates the event to the late 19th Century when the Church Mission Society first began to send missionaries.

* 1985 – In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the 19th of April Movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, eventually killing 115 people, 11 of them Supreme Court justices.

Sir Charles Barry's collaborative design for the Palace of Westminster uses the Perpendicular Gothic style, which was popular during the 15th century and returned during the Gothic revival of the 19th century.

At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, the historicism style dominated the urban Belgian landscape ( e. g. Justice Palace of Brussels, Cinquantenaire in Brussels ).

The breed was defined in the 19th century and British Shorthairs were shown at the 1871 Crystal Palace cat show.

Pre-1937 buildings that survive include: Dambadarjaalin monastery in Sukhbaatar District ( 1765 ), Dashchoilin monastery's large yurt chapels ( built in 1778 ), Gandan monastery's golden-roofed Gandantegchinlen temple also called the Tsogchin dugan ( 1838 ), Vajradhara temple ( 1841 ), Zuu temple ( 1869 ), Didan Laviran temple ( 19th century ), the restored Russian Consulate building ( 1863 ), Erdem Itgemjit temple ( 1893 ) at the Bogd Khan's Winter Palace, rest of the buildings at the same Palace ( 1893 – 1906 ), the Museum of Ulaanbaatar's History which was formerly the private residence of the rich Buryat merchant Tsogt Badamjav ( 1904 ), Zanabazar's Art Museum building which was formerly called the Ondor Khorshoo ( 1905 ), the two-storey brick headquarters of the mining company " Mongolore " ( 1905 ), the tall Megjid Janraisig temple ( 1913 – 1914 ), the residence of Chin Wang Khanddorj, a prominent noble and politician in the early years of Mongolia's independence ( 1913 ), the first telephone building where Russian Orthodox choir singers stayed ( 1914 ), Marshal Zhukov Museum etc.

The third quarter of the 19th Century brought the Crystal Palace and the railways.

The Queen's Scholars have privileged access to the House of Commons gallery, said to be a compromise recorded in the Standing Orders of the House in the 19th century, to stop the boys from climbing into the Palace over the roofs.

In addition to the Sintra Mountains and Sintra-Cascais Nature Park, the parishes of the town of Sintra are dotted by royal retreats, estates, castles and buildings from the 8th-9th century, in addition to many buildings completed between the 15th and 19th century, including the Castelo dos Mouros, the Pena National Palace and the Sintra National Palace, resulting in its classification by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1995.

In 1862, the monastery became a jail and at the end of the 19th century, the southern part became the Municipal Palace.

In the 19th century, it became common practice for Mexican presidents in their final year in office to re-enact the Grito in Dolores Hidalgo, rather than in the National Palace.

The large fortress-like compound of the Abd al-Hadi Palace built in the 19th century is located in Qaryun.

") The Vanderbilt dowry was used to restore Blenheim Palace and replenish its furnishings and library, as many of the original contents had been sold over the course of the 19th century.

The Festival Palace was built in 1949 on the site of the old Cercle Nautique, where the Prince of Wales had met his mistresses in the late 19th century.

By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new technology, construction was able to develop incorporating steel as a building component ; one of the greatest exponents of this was Joseph Paxton, architect of the Crystal Palace.

The Old Summer Palace was a complex of palaces and gardens eight kilometres northwest of the walls of Beijing ; it had been built during the 18th and early 19th centuries and was where the emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided and handled government affairs.

The Palace Museum has one of the largest collections of mechanical timepieces of the 18th and 19th centuries in the world, with more than 1, 000 pieces.

The Proserpina fountain was brought to the manor at the end of the 19th Century from the Palace of the Dukes of Parma in northern Italy: the Ducal Palace of Colorno.

Attempts at renovation took place during the second half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th, when the European tendencies penetrated into the country, reflected in numerous important buildings of Buenos Aires, such as the Santa Felicitam Church, by Ernesto Bunge ; the Central Post Office and Palace of Justice, by Norbert Maillart ; and the National Congress and the Colón Opera House, by Vittorio Meano.

Facing the Jardín Principal, there is the “ Palacio de Gobierno ” ( Government Palace ), which was the site of the government of the State of Mexico, when Tlalpan served as state capital for six years in the early 19th century.

Along with the Courthouse, the Communal Palace was designed by architects commissioned by mayor Nicu Constantinescu, at the end of the 19th century.

The Pullman Palace Car Company, founded by George Pullman, manufactured railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the early decades of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States.