In the Christian tradition the eremitic life is an early form of monastic living that preceded the monastic life in the cenobium.

A group of monks living in community is often referred to as a " cenobium ".

His reform sought to renew and integrate the eremetical tradition of monastic life with that of the cenobium.

The Cistercian, Trappist and Carmelite orders, which are essentially communal in nature, allow members who feel a calling to the eremitic life, after years living in the cenobium or community of the monastery, to move to a cell suitable as a hermitage on monastery grounds.

A similar system was established by Saint Gerasimus, with 70 cells surrounding a cenobium, again with monks progressing into the cells after time spent in the coenobium.

In the cenobium the daily office, work and meals are all done in common.

To derive Utopian communism from the Jerusalem Christian community of the apostolic age or from its medieval successors-in-spirit, the monastic communities, is with an appropriate shift of adjectives, misleading in the same way as to derive it from Plato's Republic: in the Republic we have to do with an elite of physical and intellectual athletes, in the apostolic and monastic communities with an elite of spiritual and religious athletes.

The English version for a female monastic head is abbess.

In some monastic families there is a hierarchy of precedence or authority among abbots.

He is regarded as the " first master of the desert and the pinnacle of holy monks ", however, and there are monastic communities of the Maronite, Chaldean, and Orthodox churches which state that they follow his monastic rule.

The Order of Saint Benedict ( Latin name: Ordo Sancti Benedicti ) is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict.

In art St. Columbanus is represented bearded bearing the monastic cowl, he holds in his hand a book with an Irish satchel, and stands in the midst of wolves.

Columba is the patron saint of the city of Derry, Ireland where he founded a monastic settlement in c. AD 540.

Constantine's reign of 43 years, exceeded in Scotland only by that of King William the Lion before the Union of the Crowns in 1603, is believed to have played a defining part in the gaelicisation of Pictland, in which his patronage of the Irish Céli Dé monastic reformers was a significant factor.

It is entirely possible that archaeology or research in monastic archives will turn up more.

All Christian monasticism stems, either directly or indirectly, from the Egyptian example: Saint Basil the Great Archbishop of Caesaria of Cappadocia, founder and organizer of the monastic movement in Asia Minor, visited Egypt around AD 357 and his rule is followed by the Eastern Orthodox Churches ; Saint Jerome who translated the Bible into Latin, came to Egypt, while en route to Jerusalem, around AD 400 and left details of his experiences in his letters ; Benedict founded the Benedictine Order in the 6th century on the model of Saint Pachomius, but in a stricter form.

In the Bodhisattva Vows of the Brahma Net Sutra, observed by some monastic communities and some lay followers, distribution of intoxicants is likewise discouraged as well as consumption.

Some of the Syriac terms that Ephrem used to describe his community were later used to describe monastic communities, but the assertion that he was monk is anachronistic.

Ephrem is venerated as an example of monastic discipline in Eastern Christianity.

things, to the construction of a large wall and gate surrounding the Abbey ( for instance, the Great Gatehouse, the " Abbey Gateway ", which is the only surviving monastic building other than the Abbey Church, dates from 1365 ).

It is not known where either St John of Sinai or St Hesychios were born, nor where they received their monastic formation.

376 ), the legendary material of which is derived from Egyptian monastic tradition ;

The ideal of chivalry as the ethos of the Christian warrior, and the transmutation of the term knight from the meaning " servant, soldier ", and of chevalier " mounted soldier ", to refer to a member of this ideal class, is significantly influenced by the Crusades, on one hand inspired by the military orders of monastic warriors, as seen retrospectively from the point of view of the beginning Late Middle Ages, and on the other hand influenced by Islamic ( Saracen ) ideals of furusiyya.

* 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae.

This is not an absolute rule as their address varies depending on their rank and monastic tradition.

However, celibacy is a fundamental part of this form of monastic discipline.

* Bön is believed to have a rich monastic history.

In modern times, this timetable is often changed to accommodate any apostolate outside the monastic enclosure ( e. g. the running of a school or parish ).

This is a title attributed to saints who had lived a monastic or eremitic life, and it is equal to the more usual title of " Saint ".

Who will say that our country is even now a homogeneous community??

We consider a rural community as an assemblage of inhabited dwellings whose configuration is determined by the location and size of the arable land sites necessary for family subsistence.

Thus in both types attention is focused on the community itself, and its phenomenological life.

This, however, cannot be done by a community whose very experience of truth is confused and incoherent: it has no absolute standard, and consequently cannot distinguish the absolute from the contingent.

In this domain the simple fact of coexistence in the same local, national, and world community is enough to guarantee that we cannot refrain from having some effect, large or small, upon Gentile-Jewish relations.

Within this frame of reference policies appropriate to claims advanced in the name of the Jews depend upon which Jewish identity is involved, as well as upon the nature of the claim, the characteristics of the claimant, the justifications proposed, and the predispositions of the community decision makers who are called upon to act.

When decision makers act within this frame they determine whether a claim put forward in the name of religion is to be accepted by the larger community as appropriate to religion.

Community decision makers must make up their minds whether a claim is acceptable to the larger community in terms of prevailing expectations regarding members of nation states.

It is not implied that formal principles and procedures are so firmly entrenched within the public order of the world community or even of free commonwealths that they will control in all circumstances involving Jews and Gentiles during coming years.

When we consider the disorganized state of the world community, and the legacy of predispositions adversely directed against all who are identified as Jews, it is obvious that the struggle for the minds and muscles of men needs to be prosecuted with increasing vigor and skill.

His Ethics defines `` possessions as the property of the community, of which the individual is sovereign steward.

While it is hazardous to project the trend of history, it seems clear that a genuine community is painfully emerging in the Western world, particularly among the countries of Western Europe.

If a broader Atlantic community is to be formed -- and my own judgment is that it lies within the realm of both our needs and our capacity -- a ready nucleus of machinery is at hand in the NATO alliance.

The time is now ripe, indeed overdue, for the vigorous development of its non-military potentialities, for its development as an instrument of Atlantic community.

The existence of a community is a state of mind -- a conviction that goals and values are widely shared, that effective communication is possible, that mutual trust is reasonably assured.

Underlying these hopes and prescriptions is a conviction that the nations of the North Atlantic area do indeed form a community, at least a potential community.

That time is now past and the Atlantic nations, if they are to survive, must develop a full-fledged community, and they must also look beyond the frontiers of `` Western civilization '' toward a world-wide `` concert of free nations ''.

It is very much a matter of building the foundations of community.

The trouble with this machinery is that it is not used and the reason that it is not used is the absence of a conscious sense of community among the free nations.