There are numerous types of business entities available throughout the world such as a corporation, limited liability company, cooperative, business trust, partnership, private limited company, and public limited company.

The CEM role and leadership within a limited liability company is comparable to the role of Chief executive officer within corporate governance.

The most prominent kind of company, usually referred to as a " corporation ", is a " juristic person ", i. e. it has separate legal personality, and those who invest money into the business have limited liability for any losses the company makes, governed by corporate law.

Examples are the Limited-liability company ( LLC ) and the limited liability limited partnership ( LLLP ) in the United States.

This is a hybrid company, a company similar to its limited company ( Ltd .) counterpart but where the members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal liquidation.

Except for the partnership, all business forms are designed to provide limited liability to both members of the organization and external investors.

Those forms that provide limited liability are able to do so because the state provides a mechanism by which businesses that follow certain guidelines will be able to escape the full liability imposed under agency law.

The area of study examines issues such as how each major form of business entity may be formed, operated, and dissolved ; the degree to which limited liability protects investors ; the extent to which a business can be held liable for the acts of an agent of the business ; the relative advantages and disadvantages of different types of business organizations, and the structures established by governments to monitor the buying and selling of ownership interests in large corporations.

In addition to legal personality, registered companies tend to have limited liability, be owned by shareholders who can transfer their shares to others, and controlled by a board of directors who the shareholders appoint.

Shareholders are also explicitly granted limited liability in the company's royal charter.

Ten years later, limited liability, the key provision of modern corporate law, passed into English law: in response to increasing pressure from newly emerging capital interests, Parliament passed the Limited Liability Act 1855, which established the principle that any corporation could enjoy limited legal liability on both contract and tort claims simply by registering as a " limited " company with the appropriate government agency.

may be inclined to assign to the nameless inventor of the principle of limited liability, as applied to trading corporations, a place of honour with Watt and Stephenson, and other pioneers of the Industrial Revolution.

The Corporation was split in 1990 between a limited liability operating company, New Zealand Rail Limited, and the Corporation which retained a number of assets to be disposed.

Although the word " product " has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form of tangible personal property.

The rule is that “ n actor ’ s liability is limited to those physical harms that result from the risks that made the actor ’ s conduct tortious .” Thus, the operative question is " what were the particular risks that made an actor's conduct negligent?

* Allmennaksjeselskap or ASA, the designation for a Norwegian public limited company

In 1988, having produced some 5, 000 cars in 20 years, a revived economy and successful sales of limited edition Vantage, and 52 Volante Zagato coupes at £ 86, 000 each ; the company finally retired the ancient V8 and introduced the Virage range — the first new Aston launched in 20 years.

In addition, a 2010 Cochrane Collaboration review of trials of Risperidone, one of the biggest selling antipsychotics and the first of the new generation to become available in generic form, found only marginal benefit compared with placebo and that, despite its widespread use, evidence remains limited, poorly reported and probably biased in favor of risperidone due to pharmaceutical company funding of trials.

For instance a Chinese company wishing to raise more money may issue a depository receipt on the New York Stock Exchange, as the amount of capital on the local exchanges is limited.

In 1977, the Bank set up a wholly owned subsidiary called Bank of England Nominees Limited ( BOEN ), a private limited company, with two of its hundred £ 1 shares issued.

This was converted to a public limited company, British Steel PLC, and privatised in 1988.

If more than 75 % of members voted in favour, the building society would then become a limited company like any other.

For example, the nature of the business entity may be one that is traded on a public market ( public company ), not traded on a public market ( a private, limited or closely held company ), owned by family members ( a family business ), or exempt from income taxes ( a non-profit, not for profit, or tax-exempt entity ).

This prohibition is much less flexible than the prohibition against the transactions with the company, and attempts to circumvent it using provisions in the articles have met with limited success.

The proprietary limited company is a statutory business form in several countries, including Australia.

And even with her limited knowledge of such things, she knew that the car could be repaired there ; ;

Historians have traditionally regarded the great debates of the Seventeen Nineties as polarizing the issues of centralized vs. limited government, with Hamilton and the nationalists supporting the former and Jefferson and Madison upholding the latter position.

And I select this sentence as its pertinent summation: `` in essence the drama of his ( Eisenhower's ) Presidency can be described as the ordeal of a nation turned conservative and struggling -- thus far with but limited and precarious success -- to give effective voice and force to that conservatism ''.

I will assume that we are all aware of the continuing struggle, with its limited and precarious success, toward conservatism.

But their freedom of policy is limited by the pattern of predisposition with which they and the people around them enter the crisis.

Our military forces must be capable of contending successfully with any contingency which may be forced upon us, from limited emergencies to all-out nuclear general war.

Except for a rich friendship with the painter, Chauncey Ryder who gave him the only professional instruction he ever had -- and this was limited to a few lessons, though the two artists often went on painting trips together -- Roy developed his art by himself.

The low intensity of the radiation from Saturn has limited observations, but again the measured radiation seems to be consistent with a thermal origin.

There is some indication from a limited number of interviews with members of the population that the element of power, primarily the voluntary influence of non-authoritative power, has been exerted on actors in the system, particularly in regard to mate selection.

This limited familiarity with the possible phenomena has severely hampered work with tone.

There were two methods that could have been used for conducting the study within the resources available: ( 1 ) interviews in depth with a few selected companies, and ( 2 ) the more limited interrogation of a large number of companies by means of a mail questionnaire.

In an over-all ASW concept, dependence on and effort expended for such systems should be limited to those with proven capabilities.

-- The crystallization of copolymers comprising Af units interspersed with a minor percentage of Af is limited by the inability of the crystal lattice characteristic of the former to accommodate the bulky side group of the latter.

Authorities hesitate to quote exact figures, however, believing that any sum they come up with is only a surface manifestation -- turned up by their inevitably limited policing -- of the real loot of the medical racketeer.

Under pressure from parents, the majority of Brooklyn College girls major in education since that co-ordinates best with marriage plans -- limited graduate study requirement and convenient working hours.

The volume of ADC cases will decrease, Martin reported, when the community is able to deal effectively with two problems: Relatively limited skills and discrimination in employment because of color.

Second, there were those ( Moise Tshombe ) who favored near-Balkanization, a loose federalism having a central government of limited authority, with much power residing in the states.

Education must not be limited to our youth but must be a continuing process through our entire lives, for it is only through knowledge that we, as a nation, can cope with the dangers that threaten our society.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

Some tree frogs with limited access to water excrete most of their metabolic waste as uric acid.

; Fixed effect: An effect associated with an input variable that has a limited number of levels or in which only a limited number of levels are of interest to the experimenter.

The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

Depending on the system, certain courts may serve as both trial courts and appellate courts, hearing appeals of decisions made by courts with more limited jurisdiction.