The most popular constraint propagation method is the AC-3 algorithm, which enforces arc consistency.

The AC-3 algorithm ( short for Arc Consistency Algorithm # 3 ) is one of a series of algorithms used for the solution of constraint satisfaction problems ( or CSP's ).

* AC-3 ( Audio Codec 3, Advanced Codec 3, Acoustic Coder 3.

Blu-ray Disc, the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox game console can output an AC-3 signal at a full 640 kbit / s.

It offers increased bitrates ( up to 6. 144 Mbit / s ), support for more audio channels ( up to 13. 1 ), and improved coding techniques ( only at low data rates ) to reduce compression artifacts, enabling lower data rates than those supported by AC-3 ( e. g. 5. 1-channel audio at 256 kbit / s ).

If either the player did not support digital audio tracks ( common in older players ), or the disc did not include digital audio tracks at all ( uncommon for a disc which is mastered with an AC-3 track ), the only remaining option was to fall back to a monophonic presentation of the left analog audio track.

VirtualDub has spawned several forks, one being the abandoned VirtualDubMod which includes features such as Matroska ( MKV ), OGM, and Dolby AC-3 support, none of which are present in VirtualDub.

Boss introduced COSM ( Composite Object Sound Modeling ), Roland's proprietary version of digital modeling technology, into their AC-3 Acoustic Simulator pedal in 2006.

In April 1913, Commander Reeves assumed command of the collier USS Jupiter ( AC-3 ), the Navy's first electrically propelled vessel.

DTS and Dolby Digital ( AC-3 ), DTS's chief competitor in the cinema and home theater market, are often compared due to their similarity in product goals.

However, in program material available to home consumers ( DVD, broadcast, and subscription digital TV ), neither AC-3 nor DTS typically run at their highest allowed bitrate.

Dolby Digital Plus ( DD + or E-AC-3 ( Enhanced AC-3 ), and sometimes incorrectly as EC-3 ) is a digital audio compression scheme.

E-AC-3 has a number of improvements including support for a wider range of data rates ( 32kbit / s to 6144kbit / s ), increased channel count and multi-program support ( via substreams ) compared with Dolby Digital ( AC-3 ).

On certain releases, one of the analog tracks is used to carry a modulated AC-3 signal for 5. 1 channel audio ( for decoding and playback by newer LD players with an " AC-3 RF " output ).

The earlier AC algorithms are often considered too inefficient, and many of the later ones are difficult to implement, and so AC-3 is the one most often taught and used in very simple constraint solvers.

The DVD title must carry one or more primary audio tracks in AC-3 or LPCM format ( in Europe, MPEG-1 Layer 2 is also an allowed primary track format ).

Dolby Digital AC-3 is used as the audio codec, though it was officially standardized as A / 52 by the ATSC.

Buses for local municipal routes depart from " AC-2 " ( autostation No. 2 – along Shevchenko street ) and " AC-3 " ( Zinkivska street ).

It is not backward compatible with existing AC-3 hardware, though E-AC-3 decoders generally are capable of transcoding to AC-3 for equipment connected via S / PDIF.

Only the discontinued HD DVD system directly supported E-AC-3, though Blu-ray Disc offers E-AC-3 as an option to graft added channels onto an otherwise 5. 1 AC-3 stream, as well as for delivery of secondary audio content ( e. g. director's commentary ) that is intended to be mixed with the primary audio soundtrack in the Blu-ray Disc player.

* number of channels: 1 for mono, 2 for stereo, or 6 for AC-3 / IEC958

A fully capable Laserdisc playback rig included a newer Laserdisc player that is capable of playing digital tracks, had a digital optical output for digital PCM and DTS audio, would be aware of AC-3 audio tracks, and had an AC-3 coaxial output ; an external or internal AC-3 RF demodulator and AC-3 decoder ; and a DTS decoder.

MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the DTV " Grand Alliance " shootout, but lost out to Dolby AC-3.

( For the digital counterpart, multiple AC-3 streams are transmitted for the same purpose.

For the audio codec, usual DTMB set-top boxes will support MPEG-1 Audio Layer II ( MP2 ) for stereo audio tracks, and Dolby AC-3 for surround sound audio tracks.

HandBrake is capable of downmixing Dolby Digital AC-3 5. 1 to Stereo for Dolby Pro Logic I & II for surround playback.

Released on September 10, 2007, the Vegas Pro collection combines Vegas Pro 8. 0, DVD Architect Pro 4. 5, and Dolby Digital AC-3 encoding software to offer an integrated environment for all phases of professional video, audio, DVD, and broadcast production.

: For a detailed presentation of the various points of view around the definition of " algorithm " see Algorithm characterizations.

: For an example of the simple algorithm " Add m + n " described in all three levels see Algorithm examples.

Algorithm versus function computable by an algorithm: For a given function multiple algorithms may exist.

While this loss of precision may be tolerable and viewed as a minor flaw of Algorithm I, it is easy to find data that reveal a major flaw in the naive algorithm: Take the sample to be ( 10 < sup > 9 </ sup > + 4, 10 < sup > 9 </ sup > + 7, 10 < sup > 9 </ sup > + 13, 10 < sup > 9 </ sup > + 16 ).

Again the estimated population variance of 30 is computed correctly by Algorithm II, but the naive algorithm now computes it as − 170. 66666666666666.

This is a serious problem with Algorithm I and is due to catastrophic cancellation in the subtraction of two similar numbers at the final stage of the algorithm.

* Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, a search algorithm used for optimizing multi-variable and multi-modal numerical functions

Algorithm analysis is an important part of a broader computational complexity theory, which provides theoretical estimates for the resources needed by any algorithm which solves a given computational problem.

The reference model given by the ITU-T and ATM Forum for UPC and NPC is the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm ( GCRA ), which is a version of the leaky bucket algorithm.

* UCData: " Pretty Good Bidi Algorithm Library " A small and fast bidirectional reordering algorithm that works pretty good, but not necessarily compliant to the Unicode algorithm

( membership problem is even polynomially decidable-see CYK algorithm and Earley's Algorithm )

Parser algorithms for context-free languages include the CYK algorithm and the Earley's Algorithm.

A standard algorithm for collating any collection of strings composed of any standard Unicode symbols is the Unicode Collation Algorithm.

Some documentation makes a distinction between DES as a standard and DES as an algorithm, referring to the algorithm as the DEA ( Data Encryption Algorithm ).

* COmponent Detection Algorithm, a mass spectrometry and chemometrics software algorithm

In cryptography, Triple DES is the common name for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ( TDEA or Triple DEA ) block cipher, which applies the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ) cipher algorithm three times to each data block.

The earliest standard that defines the algorithm ( ANS X9. 52, published in 1998 ) describes it as the " Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ( TDEA )" — i. e. three operations of the Data Encryption Algorithm specified in ANSI X3. 92 — and does not use the terms " Triple DES " or " DES " at all.

The paper proposing the Source Node Condition and the Diffusing Update Algorithm algorithm itself can be found here.

* Deducting Search Algorithm, mathematical algorithm to determine shortest route to information

we can then apply a straightforward algorithm ( Matsui's Algorithm 2 ), using known plaintext-ciphertext pairs, to guess at the values of the key bits involved in the approximation.

* Data Encryption Algorithm, the block cipher algorithm defined in ( and often referred to as ) the Data Encryption Standard