On 29 May 1868, he was born at Dolmabahçe Palace or at Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, in Constantinople, to then Sultan Abdülaziz and his wife Hayranıdil Kadınefendi.

Born at the Eyüp Palace, Constantinople ( Constantinople ), on 9 / 18 February 1830, Abdülaziz received an Ottoman education but was nevertheless an ardent admirer of the material progress that was made in the West.

The foundation era covers the years between 1300 ( Byzantine expedition ) and 1453 ( Fall of Constantinople ), the classical period covers the years between 1451 ( enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II ) and 1606 ( Peace of Zsitvatorok ), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 ( Vaka-i Hayriye ), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 ( enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz ) and 1918 ( Armistice of Mudros ).

* Abdülaziz ( 1830 – 1876 ), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / ` Abdü ’ l -` Azīz ; February 9 / 18, 1830 – June 4, 1876 ) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

The biggest achievement of Abdülaziz was to modernize the Ottoman Navy.

* Sultan Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Empire )

The Muhammad Ali Dynasty ’ s use of the title Khedive was not sanctioned by the Ottoman Empire until 1867 when Sultan Abdülaziz officially recognized it as the title of Ismail Pasha.

Two years later, on June 10, 1869, Gavand received permission from the Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz to start the project with a forty-two year concession to operate it.

This trend began in 1861, with the translation into Ottoman Turkish of François Fénelon's 1699 novel Les aventures de Télémaque, by Yusuf Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier to Sultan Abdülaziz.

The area was thus the scene of great intrigues of the late Ottoman period such as the dethronement of Sultan Abdülaziz at Dolmabahçe Palace in a coup in 1876, the announcement of the founding of the Ottoman parliament in 1908, and the deposing of Sultan Abdul Hamid II at Yıldız Palace in 1909.

Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) was the first Ottoman sultan to travel to Europe.

The Ottoman era yalı ( residence ) | yalı, which was presented to Esma Sultana ( 1873-1899 ) | Sultana Esma as a wedding gift by her father Abdülaziz I | Sultan Abdülaziz, was largely damaged by a fire in 1975.

The Exarchate ( a de-facto autocephaly ) was unilaterally ( without the blessing of the Ecumenical Patriarch ) promulgated on, in the Bulgarian church in Constantinople in pursuance of the firman of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

In seeking to calm down the disturbances, the Ottoman government of Abdülaziz granted the right to establish an autonomous Bulgarian Exarchate for the dioceses of Bulgaria as well as those, wherein at least two thirds of Orthodox Christians were willing to join it, by issuing the Sultan's firman promulgated on.

In 1861, a national constitution ( Sahmanadrootiun in Armenian ) was granted to Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Abdülaziz.

The Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz decided and permitted the route to run on the shoreline of the Sea of Marmara bordering the walls of Topkapı Palace ’ s lower garden.

In 1867, Namik Kemal and other Young Ottomans published the open letter of a disgruntled Egyptian prince Mustafa Fazl Pasha to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, advocating constitutional and parliamentary governance.

Among the famous artists born in the city are Rana Mustafa Efendi Nakshbendi-in service to Muhammad Ali of Egypt.

Mustafa Fevzi was born on January 24, 1876 in Cihangir ( Istanbul, Ottoman Empire ) to mother Hesna Hanım, daughter of Varnalı Hacı Bekir Efendi, who is the youngest son of Ömer Ağa, and father Ali Sırrı Efendi, who is son of Çakmakoğlu Hüseyin Derviş Kaptan and served for Tophane ( Arsenal ) as secretary.

* Ahmed Resmi Efendi ( 1700 – 1783 ) a Greek-Ottoman statesman and historian, who was born into a Muslim family of Greek descent in the Cretan town of Rethymno in the year 1700.

* HH Princess Emine Hilmi Khanum Efendi ( Montaza Palace, Alexandria, 12 February 1895-1954 ), unmarried and without issue

* HH Princess Atiye Hilmi Khanum Efendi ( Cairo, 9 June 1896-1971 ), unmarried and without issue

* HH Princess Fethiye Hilmi Khanum Efendi ( 27 November 1897-30 November 1923 ), unmarried and without issue

He married firstly at the Dolmabahçe Palace in Constantinople in 1856 to Georgian HH Dürrünev Kadın Efendi ( Batumi, 15 March 1835 – Constantinople, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, 3 December 1892 ), and had three children.

He married secondly at the Dolmabahçe Palace in 1861 to HH Edâdil Kadın Efendi ( 1845 – Dolmabahçe Palace, 12 December 1875 ), and had one child.

He married thirdly in 1872 to Circassian HH Gevherin Nedaxe Kadın Efendi ( Caucasus, 8 July 1856 – Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, 20 September 1894 ), and had one child.

He married fourthly at the Dolmabahçe Palace, Constantinople, on 21 September 1866 to Georgian HH Hayranidil Kadın Efendi ( Kars, 2 November 1846 – Ortaköy Palace, Constantinople, 26 November 1898 ), and had two children.

He married fifthly at the Dolmabahçe Palace, in 1868 to Georgian HH Nesherek ( Nesrin ) Haseki Kadın Efendi ( Tbilisi, ( 1848 – 11 June 1876 ) Ortaköy Palace, Istanbul ), and had three children.

He married sixthly to Yıldız ( Gözde ), sister of HH Safinaz Kadın Efendi, a wife of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and had two children.

It is sometime preceded or followed by a title or honorific used in the corresponding cultures: " Hoxha ", " Khwaje ", " Hodja ", " Hoja ", " Hojja ", " Hodscha ", " Hodža ", " Hoca ", " Hogea ", " Mullah ", " Mulla ", " Mula ", " Molla ", " Efendi ", " Afandi ", " Ependi " ( أفندي ’ afandī ), " Hajji ".

* HH HIH Princess Rukiye Sabiha Sultan Hanım Efendi ( the Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Istanbul, 19 March / 1 April 1894 – Istanbul, 26 August 1971 ), married to her cousin HIH Prince Şehzade Ömer Faruk Efendi ( the Ortaköy Palace, Istanbul, 27 / 29 February 1898 – 28 March 1969 / 1971 ), son of Abdülmecid II, at the Yıldız Palace, Istanbul, on 29 April 1920 as his first wife.

His third marriage was to HH Sadiye Mevedett Kadın Efendi ( Adapazarı, 12 October 1893 – Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, 1951 and buried there ), at the Çengelköy Palace, Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul, on 25 April 1911, Their only issue was:

* Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi ( 1749-1798 ), author and diplomat

One of his sisters, Senije, Princess Zogu ( c1897 – 1969 ), married His Imperial Highness Prince Shehzade Mehmed Abid Efendi of Turkey, a son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

He married firstly at Istanbul, Beşiktaş, Beşiktaş Palace, on 2 January 1857 to Georgian HH Eleru Mevhibe Kadın Efendi ( Tbilisi, 6 August 1835 – Chichli, 21 February 1936 ), and had one child.

He married secondly at Istanbul, Beşiktaş, Beşiktaş Palace, on 4 February 1859 to Azerbaijani HH Reftaridil Kadın Efendi ( Ganja, 5 June 1838 – Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 3 March 1936 ), and had one child.

He married thirdly at Istanbul, Beşiktaş, Beşiktaş Palace, on 5 February 1869 to Caucasian HH Sahcan Kadın Efendi ( Hopa, Caucasus, 4 January 1853 – Ortaköy 15 March 1945 ), and had two children.

He married fourthly at Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 8 June 1874 to Georgian HH Meyliservet Haseki Kadın Efendi ( Batumi, 21 October 1854 – Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 9 December 1903 ), and had one child, HIH Princess Fehime Sultan.

He married fifthly at Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 2 November 1877 to Georgian HH Rezan Haseki Kadın Efendi ( Artvin, 28 March 1860 – Istanbul, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 31 March 1910 ), and had two children.

He also married HH Cenaniyar Kadın Efendi, HH Jahvar-riz Kadin Efendi ( 1862 – 1940 ), HH Filizten Kadın Efendi ( 1865 – 1945 ), HH Gevheri Kadın Efendi and HH Teranidil Kadın Efendi, a sister of his second wife HH Reftaridil Kadın Efendi, without children.