The rationalistic method pursued by the new school of Maimonists ( including Levi ben Abraham ben Chayyim of Villefranche, near the town of Perpignan, and Jacob Anatolio ) especially provoked his indignation ; for the sermons preached and the works published by them seemed to resolve the entire Scriptures into allegory and threatened to undermine the Jewish faith and the observance of the Law and tradition.

* Joseph Perles, Salomo ben Abraham ben Adereth und seine Schriften, pp. 15 – 54

The philosopher and astronomer Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra ( c. 1140 ) established the symmetry of binomial coefficients, while a closed formula was obtained later by the talmudist and mathematician Levi ben Gerson ( better known as Gersonides ), in 1321.

11th to 12th century grammarians of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain included Judah ben David Hayyuj, Jonah ibn Janah, Abraham ibn Ezra, Joseph Kimhi, Moses Kimhi and David Kimhi.

Converts are given the name " ben Abraham " or " bat Abraham ", ( son or daughter of Abraham ).

* Abraham ben Moses Maimon

* Rabbi Obadiah ben Abraham of Bertinoro ( 15th century ) wrote one of the most popular Mishnah commentaries.

Mieszko and his people were described around 966 by Abraham ben Jacob, a Sephardi Jewish traveller, who at that time visited the Prague court of Duke Boleslav I the Cruel.

The war was reported by Abraham ben Jacob.

Upon the death of the head of the Bet din, Rabbi Zerach ben Abraham, Rashi assumed the court's leadership and answered hundreds of halakhic queries.

The first dated Hebrew printed book was Rashi's commentary on the Chumash, printed by Abraham ben Garton in Reggio di Calabria, Italy, 18 February 1475.

The most important writers are Yose ben Yoseh, probably in the 6th century, chiefly known for his compositions for Yom Kippur ; Eleazar Kalir, the founder of the payyetanic style, perhaps in the 7th century ; Saadia Gaon ; and the Spanish school, consisting of Joseph ibn Abitur ( died in 970 ), ibn Gabirol, Isaac Gayyath, Moses ibn Ezra, Abraham ibn Ezra and Judah ha-Levi, Moses ben Nahman ( Nahmanides ) and Isaac Luria.

While the traditional majority view in religious Judaism has been that the teachings of Kabbalah were revealed by God to Biblical figures such as Abraham and Moses and were then transmitted orally from the Biblical era until its redaction by Shimon ben Yochai, modern academic analysis of the Zohar, such as that by the 20th century religious historian Gershom Scholem, has theorized that De Leon was the actual author.

* April 11 – Abraham ben Saul Broda, Bohemian Talmudist

* Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla writes Ginnat Egoz ( Garden of Nuts ).

It was paid for and made by Yom-Tob ben Levi Athias ( the Spanish Marrano Jerónimo de Vargas, as typographer ) and Abraham ben Salomon Usque ( the Portuguese Jew Duarte Pinhel, as translator ), and was dedicated to Ercole II d ' Este.

* Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla

Full Jewish names include a patronym: converts take the patronym " ben / bat Avraham Avinu " ( son / daughter of Our Father Abraham ) as converts are held to be spiritual descendants of Abraham, the forebear of Jews.

Prophets in here refer to previous prophets such as Adam, Abraham, Noah, Moses, Jacob, David, Solomon and so on all the way until Jesus and Muhammed.

* The Pearl of Great Price ( containing the Book of Moses, the Book of Abraham, Joseph Smith-Matthew and Joseph Smith-History )

Divine revelation for the direction of the entire church comes from God to the President of the Church, who is viewed by Latter-day Saints as a prophet in the same sense as Noah, Abraham, Moses, Peter, and other biblical leaders.

: Year One: Old Testament ( also includes some coverage of related topics in the Book of Moses and Book of Abraham from the Pearl of Great Price )

The Covenant of Grace forms the basis of the later covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and the New Covenant in Christ.

Thus, Abraham, Moses, David, and all Christians today are saved by the same faith.

" God tells Moses to return to Egypt and lead the Hebrews into Canaan, the land promised to Abraham.

There were only five universal prophets, and their names were Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad ( may the peace of Allah be upon all of them ).

Abraham was succeeded by two of his sons, Isaac and Ishmael, while Moses was succeeded by his brother Aaron and Jesus by two prophets whom the Qur ' an mentions in the chapter called " Ya Sin ".

The two powerful groups making up the community — the priestly families who controlled the Temple and who traced their foundation-myth to Moses and the wilderness wanderings, and the major landowning families who made up the " elders " and who traced their own origins to Abraham, who had " given " them the land — were in conflict over many issues, and each had its own " history of origins ", but the Persian promise of greatly increased local autonomy for all provided a powerful incentive to cooperate in producing a single text.

Each covenant is mediated by a great leader ( Noah, Abraham, Moses ), and at each stage God progressively reveals himself by his name ( Elohim with Noah, El Shaddai with Abraham, Yahweh with Moses ).

Toward the end of his life he wrote a letter for general circulation pointing out that Abel, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Moses and David were all keepers of sheep or cattle and therefore that a learned education should not be seen as a necessary qualification for ministry.

According to the Five Books of Moses, Abraham is revered as the one who overcame the idol worship of his family and surrounding people by recognizing the Hebrew God and establishing a covenant with him and creating the foundation of what has been called by scholars " Ethical Monotheism ".

Judaism also universally recognizes the Biblical Covenant between God and the Patriarch Abraham as well as the additional aspects of the Covenant revealed to Moses, who is considered Judaism's greatest prophet.

The prophets, patriarchs, and heroes of the Jewish scripture are also known in Christianity, which uses the Jewish text as the basis for its understanding of historic Judeo-Christian figures such as Abraham, Elijah, and Moses.

I shall endeavour to persuade you, that He who is said to have appeared to Abraham, and to Jacob, and to Moses, and who is called God, is distinct from Him who made all things, I mean numerically, not in will.

And He is called Angel and Apostle ; for He declares whatever we ought to know, and is sent forth to declare whatever is revealed ; as our Lord Himself says, “ He that heareth Me, heareth Him that sent Me .” From the writings of Moses also this will be manifest ; for thus it is written in them, “ And the Angel of God spoke to Moses, in a flame of fire out of the bush, and said, I am that I am, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob, the God of thy fathers ; go down into Egypt, and bring forth My people .” And if you wish to learn what follows, you can do so from the same writings ; for it is impossible to relate the whole here.

But so much is written for the sake of proving that Jesus the Christ is the Son of God and His Apostle, being of old the Word, and appearing sometimes in the form of fire, and sometimes in the likeness of angels ; but now, by the will of God, having become man for the human race, He endured all the sufferings which the devils instigated the Jews to inflict upon Him ; who, though they have it expressly affirmed in the writings of Moses, “ And the angel of God spake to Moses in a flame of fire in a bush, and said, I am that I am, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob ,” yet maintain that He who said this was the Father and Creator of the universe.

“ And that Christ being Lord, and God the Son of God, and appearing formerly in power as Man, and Angel, and in the glory of fire as at the bush, so also was manifested at the judgment executed on Sodom, has been demonstrated fully by what has been said .” Then I repeated once more all that I had previously quoted from Exodus, about the vision in the bush, and the naming of Joshua ( Jesus ), and continued: “ And do not suppose, sirs, that I am speaking superfluously when I repeat these words frequently: but it is because I know that some wish to anticipate these remarks, and to say that the power sent from the Father of all which appeared to Moses, or to Abraham, or to Jacob, is called an Angel because He came to men ( for by Him the commands of the Father have been proclaimed to men ); is called Glory, because He appears in a vision sometimes that cannot be borne ; is called a Man, and a human being, because He appears arrayed in such forms as the Father pleases ; and they call Him the Word, because He carries tidings from the Father to men: but maintain that this power is indivisible and inseparable from the Father, just as they say that the light of the sun on earth is indivisible and inseparable from the sun in the heavens ; as when it sinks, the light sinks along with it ; so the Father, when He chooses, say they, causes His power to spring forth, and when He chooses, He makes it return to Himself.

The author of the Zohar drew upon the Bible commentaries written by medieval rabbis, including Rashi, Abraham ibn Ezra, David Kimhi and even authorities as late as Nahmanides and Maimonides.

These writings are: " Milhamot HaShem ," defending Alfasi against the criticisms of Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona ( published with the " Alfasi ," Venice, 1552 ; frequently reprinted ; separate edition, Berlin, 1759 ); " Sefer ha-Zekhut ," in defense of Alfasi against the criticisms of Abraham ben David ( RABaD ; printed with Abraham Meldola's " Shiv ' ah ' Enayim ," Leghorn, 1745 ; under the title " Machaseh u-Magen ," Venice, 1808 ); " Hassagot " ( Constantinople, 1510 ; frequently reprinted ), in defense of Simeon Kayyara against the criticisms of Maimonides ' " Sefer ha-Mitzwoth " ( Book of Precepts ).

The principles which inspired all of Maimonides ' philosophical activity was identical those of Abraham Ibn Daud: there can be no contradiction between the truths which haShem has revealed and the findings of the human intellect in science and philosophy.

Ibn Kaspi began writing when he was 17 years old on topics which included logic, linguistics, ethics, theology, biblical exegesis, and super-commentaries to Abraham Ibn Ezra and Maimonides.

Jewish traditions are split between those, like Josephus, who consider Ishmael the ancestor of the Arabs, and those, like Maimonides, who believe that the northern Arabs are descended from the sons of Keturah, whom Abraham married after Sarah's death.

But having been completely overshadowed by Maimonides ' classical work, the Moreh Nebukim, Abraham ibn Daud's Emunah Ramah (" Sublime Faith "), a work to which Maimonides himself was indebted for many valuable suggestions, received scant notice from later philosophers.

Mortalism is present in certain Second Temple Period pseudepigraphal works, later rabbinical works, and among medieval era rabbis such as Abraham Ibn Ezra ( 1092 – 1167 ), Maimonides ( 1135 – 1204 ), and Joseph Albo ( 1380 – 1444 ).

The impact of Abulafia is evident in an anonymous epistle attributed to Maimonides ; Rabbi Reuven Tzarfati, a kabbalist active in 14th century Italy ; Abraham Shalom, Yohanan Alemanno, Judah Albotini, and Joseph ibn Zagyah ; Moses Cordovero and Chaim Vital ’ s influential Shaarei Kedushah ; Sabbatai Zevi, Joseph Hamitz, Pinchas Horowitz, and Menahem Mendel of Shklov.

The Tosafot quote principally Rashi ( very often under the designation " ḳonṭres " " pamphlet ", Rashi initially published his commentary in pamphlets ), many of the ancient authorities ( as Kalonymus of Lucca, Nathan b. Jehiel, and R. Hananeel ), some contemporary scholars ( as Abraham b. David of Posquières, Maimonides, Abraham ibn Ezra, and others ), and about 130 German and French Talmudists of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

* Crisis and Leadership: epistles of Maimonides ; texts translated and notes by Abraham Halkin ; discussions by David Hartman.

This included about 350 " prominent people ," among them Maimonides and his son Abraham, 200 " better known families ", and mentions of 450 professions and 450 goods.

Likewise, Bahya ibn Paquda and Abraham son of Maimonides, sometimes described as " Jewish Sufis ", are especially respected among Dor Daim and talmide ha-Rambam.

Likewise, some ( most famously Rabbi Abraham ben David, known as the RaBad ) objected to Maimonides ' raising the notion of the incorporeality of God as a dogma, claiming that great and wise men of previous generations held a different view.

There is no consistent view in classical rabbinical literature as to the order of the names ; the Jerusalem Targum, for example, argued that the names appeared in the order of the birth of each tribe's patriarch according to the Book of Genesis ; Maimonides argued that the names were all engraved on the first stone, with the words are the tribes of Jeshurun being engraved on the last stone ; kabbalistic writers such Hezekiah ben Manoah and Bahya ben Asher argued that only six letters from each name was present on each stone, together with a few letters from the names of Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob, or from the phrase are the tribes of Jeshurun, so that there were seventy-two letters in total ( 72 being a very significant number in Kabbalistic thought ).

" In fact, in his book, Rabbi Lamm explores six separate models of Torah Umadda, including those presented by Maimonides, Samson Raphael Hirsch, and Abraham Isaac Kook.

Kimhi also delved into philosophy and the sciences, and was very much influenced by both Abraham Ibn Ezra and Maimonides.

Rabbeinu Abraham ben David was a Provençal rabbi, a great commentator on the Talmud, Sefer Halachot of Rabbi Yitzhak Alfasi and Mishne Torah of Maimonides, and is regarded as a father of Kabbalah and one of the key and important links in the chain of Jewish mystics.

Abraham ben David is particularly severe on the attempts of Maimonides to smuggle in his philosophic views under cover of Talmudic passages.

This suffices to explain the principle that actuated Abraham ben David in his intense opposition to Maimonides, and particularly to his " Yad ha-Ḥazaḳah ," which David himself designates as a great achievement ( Kilayim, vi.

In Jewish tradition, Saadiah ( d. 942 ), Ibn Ezra ( d. circa 1164 ), Maimonides ( 1135 – 1204 ) and Obadiah ben Abraham ( 1465-1515 ) identified the ezov mentioned in the Hebrew Bible with the Arabic word " za ' atar ".

Discussions on astronomical points, especially with regard to the spheres, and disputed points in calculating the calendar occur frequently in the works of Judah ha-Levi, Abraham ibn Ezra, and Maimonides, while a new system of astronomy is contained in the " Wars of the Lord " (" Milḥamot Adonai ") of Levi ben Gershon.